ETHNOLOGY 



2995 



SIMIIDAE 



C OLD WORLD MONKEYS ) 



Ethnology. Man's family tree. A diagrammatic representation of the emer- 

 gence of the human race from its early origins. From the Simiidae or man- 

 like apes there is gradually developed, through stages not yet fully explored, 

 the family Hominidae and finally, the genus HOMO, which culminates in the 

 species Homo sapiens. This species, represented in its primitive form by 

 Austral old types, branches along Mongolian, Eurasiatic. and Negroid stems 

 into numerous specialised races, whose movements and inter-reactions are 

 described in the article. Note the Ainu type of N.E. Asia, intermediate 

 between the Australoid sub-species and the highly developed European ; 

 it has probably influenced the development of the Russian, E. Asiatic, N.W. 

 American, and other important peoples 



art and civilization which existed 

 thousands of years ago in Cape 

 Colony. The Cro-magnon appar- 

 ently also entered, if he did not 

 come from, Central Asia. He may 

 even have migrated across Bering 

 Straits and influenced the Red In- 

 dian peoples of N. America. 



In course of time he gave way 

 in Europe to shorter and less re- 

 markable types of humanity. By 

 that time the dominant human in 

 S. and W. Europe was of the 

 Iberian or Mediterranean race, a 

 white man with dark hair and dark 

 eyes, of medium stature and some- 

 what hairy face and body. This 

 Iberian type certainly penetrated 

 to the British Islands and subdued 

 and absorbed the pre-existing Es- 

 kimo and Ainu breeds. The Medi- 

 terranean race spread over Asia 

 Minor,mixing with the Armenoid or 

 Alpine (which had also invaded 

 Central Europe), the Arabian Pen- 

 insula, and much of N. and N.E. 



Africa, forming subsidiary races by 

 mixing with the earlier Dravidians, 

 Anstraloids, and Negroes. The 

 Mediterranean race produced by 

 intermixture the Dravidian that 

 preceded the Nordic Aryan in the 

 conquest of India. This ever more 

 diluted Mediterranean race may 

 even have started the Indonesians, 

 that semi- white people which pene- 

 trated into Further India, and into 

 the Malay Archipelago and parts 

 of New Guinea, and ended up by 

 colonising New Zealand and most 

 Pacific archipelagoes between 2,000 

 and 600 years ago. 



To a great extent the Mediter- 

 ranean race stands for the typical 

 Caucasian. In the early days of 

 ethnological study the superior 

 White was named Caucasian be- 

 cause it was erroneously thought 

 to be represented by the people of 

 the Caucasus, but these are com- 

 pounded really of mixed elements. 

 Perhaps the best example of the 



ETHNOLOGY 



Mediterranean race is the Berbers 

 of N. Africa, where they are free 

 from intermixture. The Semite 

 stock from which the Arabs are de- 

 scended has a Mediterranean basis, 

 but contains also Armenian (Al- 

 pine) and Asiatic Negroid blood, 

 besides here and there a Mongolian 

 element derived from the early 

 Mongolian colonisation of Meso- 

 potamia. 



In Old Woild dominance, the 

 Mediterranean or brunet type of 

 White man was succeeded by the 

 Nordic peoples of N. Europe. No 

 doubt there is Cro-magnon blood 

 and influence in the Nordic stock. 

 The early Nordics were certainly 

 tall, but their most striking varia- 

 tion from preceding types lay in 

 their development of red hair, 

 which further specialised into the 

 yellow-brown, flaxen, golden, or 

 even lint-white ; while the brown 

 iris of the eye changed into grey- 

 green or blue-grey. This type at 

 present is purest in Scandinavia and 

 in N. Germany and N.W. Russia. 

 The Goths of history were of pure 

 Nordic stock. The Caledonians of 

 N. Scotland represented a more 

 primitive offshoot, with red hair 

 and rough-hewn facial features of 

 the Cr6-magnon type. 



This tall, fair-haired, grey-eyed 

 or blue -eyed man first began to 

 trouble Mediterranean Europe 

 over 3,000 years ago. He ori- 

 ginated the Aryan languages and 

 carried them into W. Asia and 

 India. But in culture he had been 

 forestalled in W. Asia by the Al- 

 pine or Armenoid stock, a squarer 

 or rounder-headed variant of the 

 Mediterranean race. The Arme- 

 noids had civilized the Mongols of 

 Central Asia, thus starting the civil- 

 ization of China 3,000 to 4,000 

 years ago, as earlier still they had 

 started that of Mesopotamia. 

 Aryan Influence 



The Aryan conquest of Europe 

 and Asia was due in the main to the 

 Aryan discovery of the uses of iron 

 in Central or N. Europe, and the 

 iron weapons with which they 

 could overcome the S. races using 

 weapons of bronze or stone. These 

 golden-haired, blue-eyed Aryans 

 descended with their Aryan lan- 

 guages on the Balkan Peninsula, 

 and, by fusion with the Mediter- 

 ranean race and civilization of the 

 Aegean, founded classical Greece. 

 They equally founded the empire 

 of Rome by invading the Italian 

 peninsula and subduing the Etrus- 

 cans and Ligurians. More than 

 3,OCO years ago they had Aryan- 

 ised Sicily. 



In Central Europe they origin- 

 ated the Celtic race, which min- 

 gled freely with the Armenoids of 

 the Bronze period. The Aryan 



