ETTRICK WATER 



3OOO 



EUCHAR1S 



Ettrick Water. River of Sel- 

 kirkshire, Scotland. It rises in 

 Ettrick Pen and flows 32 m. N.E. 

 to the Tweed, about 2 m. below 

 Selkirk. In the churchyard of 

 Ettrick parish are buried James 

 Hogg, the " Ettrick shepherd," 

 Thomas Boston (1677-1732), the 

 Puritan divine and author, and 

 Tibbie (Elizabeth) Shiel (1782- 

 1878), who kept the famous inn 

 at the head of St. Mary's Loch. 



Etty, WILLIAM (1787-1849). 

 English painter. Born in York, 

 March 12, 1787, he was appren- 

 ticed to a 

 printer in 

 Hull. Coming 

 to London he 

 began copying 

 famous p i c- 

 t u r e s. In 

 1806 he en- 

 tered the 

 Royal Aca- 

 demy schools 

 and was for a 

 year a pupil 

 of Sir Thomas 

 Lawrence. Be- 

 tween 1816- Fromaphotc 



24 he made several visits to the 

 Continent, chiefly to Italy, whence 

 he returned with a fine sense of 

 colour and of graceful composition. 

 In 1824 he was elected A.R.A., and 

 R.A. in 1828. He died in York, 

 Nov. 13, 1849. Not until late in 

 life did he obtain good prices for 

 his work, probably owing to his 

 preference for vast canvases. Of 

 his smaller pictures Youth on^the 

 Prow and Pleasure at the Helm at 

 the National Gallery is the most 

 popular. The nobility and dig- 

 nity of his huge works, such as The 

 Combat and the three Judith pic- 

 tures atEdinburgh,and Ulysses and 

 the Sirens in the Royal Institution, 

 Manchester, compel admiration. 

 See Life, A. Gilchrist, 1855. 



Etymology (Gr. etymon, true; 

 logos, science). The investigation 

 of the origin and meaning of words. 

 The term dates back to the early 

 schools of Greek philosophy, whose 

 theories are ridiculed by Plato in 

 the Cratylus, where he himself pro- 

 pounds some extraordinary deriva- 

 tions. The Stoics and Alexandrian 

 grammarians also devoted much 

 attention to the study of words and 

 the parts of speech. Owing to com- 

 plete ignorance of phonetic laws, 

 the older etymologists laid down 

 arbitrary and impossible sound 

 changes, and even went so far as to 

 derive words from others of oppo- 

 site meaning, e.g. lucus (grove), a 

 non lucendo (from not shining). In 

 the Middle Ages the influence of 

 theology led to the attempt to 

 derive everything from Hebrew 

 as the parent of all languages. 



Etymology as a science is of 

 comparatively recent origin, and 

 became possible with the intro- 

 duction of a knowledge of Sans- 

 krit into Europe by Sir William 

 Jones. This led to a thorough 

 examination of the vocabulary of 

 the Indo-European languages and 

 the establishment of certain fixed 

 principles of sound-change which 

 governed the changes in the form 

 of a word in different languages. 



What is called popular ety- 

 mology is really false analogy, 

 and is an endeavour to adapt the 

 form of a word not directly in- 

 telligible to that of one more 

 familiar and apparently related ; 

 for example, crawfish (French 

 ccrevisse), wormwood (German 

 Wermuth), bridegroom (A.S. bride- 

 guma, brideman), Charterhouse 

 (Chartreux). See Language ; Place 

 Names. 



Eu. Town of Normandy, France, 

 in the dept. of Seine Inf erieure. It 

 stands on the Bresle, 64 m. N.E. 

 of Rouen. It has a few industries, 

 flour mills, brickyards, and glass 

 works among them, and a transit 

 trade, but its main interest is his- 

 torical. The church of S. Lawrence 

 is a fine Gothic building of the 

 12th and 13th centuries, and the 

 chateau, partly burned down in 

 1902, dates from the 16th century, 

 when it replaced an older one. 

 Louis Philippe, who' restored it, 

 often resided here. Pop. 4,900. 



EuaoREoA. Island of the Tonga 

 group in lat.2124'S. and long. 174 

 50' W. Densely populated, it is 

 10m. long, 3 m. broad, and has an 

 area of 67 sq. m. It is mountainous, 

 well watered, and fertile. 



Euboea (Turk. Egripo; Ital. 

 Negroponte). Large island of 

 Greece, in the Aegean Sea. It lies 

 off the E. coasts of Boeotia and 

 Attica, has a length of 115 m., a 

 breadth varying from 4 m. to 32 m. 

 and is separated from the main- 

 land by a narrow channel called 

 Euripus. The surface is moun- 

 tainous with fertile valleys, pas- 

 turing large herds of cattle. Oil, 



Eucharis. Foliage and flowers of 



Eucharis Amazonica, a S. American 



bulbous herb 



wine, corn, fruit, honey, and pitch 

 are produced, but stock-breeding 

 is the principal occupation. The 

 highest point is Mt. Delphi, 5,720 ft. 

 Its thermal springs have been 

 esteemed since ancient times. The 

 chief town is Chalcis. Its history 

 is merged in that of Greece and 

 Rome. In medieval times it be- 

 longed to Venice. It was taken by 

 the Turks in 1470, and in 1830 was 

 restored to Greece. Area 1,430 sq. 

 m. Pop. 116,903. Pron. Ev-via. 



Eubulus (d. 330 B.C.). Greek 

 orator and demagogue. He was a 

 friend of Aeschines, whose clerk 

 he had been, and a violent op- 

 ponent of Demosthenes. It was 

 chiefly owing to him that Aeschines 

 was acquitted when accused of 

 treacherous dealings with Philip 

 of Macedon. A decided pacifist, 

 Eubulus carried a proposal that 

 whoever suggested applying any 

 portion of the theoric or festival 

 fund to any other purpose, such as 

 war, should be put to death. In 

 346 B.C., negotiating with Philip, 

 he concluded a peace highly dis- 

 advantageous to Athens. 



Eucaine (Gr. eu, well ; and co- 

 caine). Artificially prepared alka- 

 loid allied to cocaine. It is used as 

 a local anaesthetic in small opera- 

 tions and extraction of teeth. It 

 is safer than cocaine, but is not so 

 powerful. 



Eucalyptus (Gr. eu, well ; kalyp- 

 tos, covered). Genus of trees of 

 the natural order Myrtaceae. The 

 name is given to it because the 

 petals cover thoroughly the un- 

 expanded flowers. See Gum Trees. 



Eucalyptus Gum. Exudate 

 of the red gum-tree of Australia. 

 It contains tannic acid and is a 

 powerful astringent, being used in 

 lozenges or in gargles for relaxed 

 throat, and occasionally prescribed 

 in diarrhoea and dysentery. Eu- 

 calyptus oil is distilled from the 

 eucalyptus globulus, the blue gum- 

 tree. It is used as an antiseptic, 

 and as an inhalation or spray in 

 conditions accompanied by foetid 

 expectoration. 



Eucasin OR CASEIN AMMONIA 

 (Lat. caseus, cheese). Soluble form 

 of casein. It is prepared by passing 

 ammonia gas over casein, or into a 

 suspension of casein in alcohol or 

 ether. It is used as a food. 



Eucharis (Gr. eucharis, pleas- 

 ing). Small genus of bulbous herbs 

 of the natural order Amaryllida- 

 ceae. Natives of New Granada, 

 they have egg-shaped bulbs, broad, 

 elliptical leaves with long stalks, 

 and white flowers, from 3 ins. to 5 

 ins. across. These are borne in 

 clusters on top of a taH stem, and 

 consist of a slender tube expand- 

 ing into a cup, surrounded by six 

 sepals and petals. 



