

EUROPIUM 



3021 



EURYPTER1DA 



line of entrenchments was estab- 

 lished from the Swiss border to the 

 North Sea. In the east the Russian 

 invasion of German territory was 

 swept back. Turkey threw in her 

 lot with the Central Powers ; then 

 Italy, which at first stood neutral, 

 broke from the Triple Alliance and 

 joined the Entente Powers. Bul- 

 garia joined the attack on Serbia ; 

 in 1916 Rumania came into the 

 fray with disastrous results for her- 

 self. The tide of the Russian war 

 surged backwards and forwards 

 over Poland and Galicia. 



In 1917 came the Russian revolu- 

 tion, first wearing a constitutional 

 aspect, then developing into the 

 Bolshevism which freed the Central 

 Powers from the Russian grip 

 which they had hitherto failed to 

 break. The German submarine 

 campaign drew the U.S.A. into 

 the struggle. Before the U.S. ar- 

 mies could come in, the Germans 

 in the spring of 1918 launched the 

 concentrated attack in the west. It 

 failed by a hair's- breadth to attain 

 its object, and then the decisive 

 counterstroke was delivered which 

 forced Germany to sue for the 

 armistice, of which the terms were 

 accepted on Nov. 11. 



The German Empire went down. 

 Therein every state, from Prussia 

 downwards, ejected its hereditary 

 dynasty. Austria-Hungary was 

 dissolved into its component parts 

 Czecho - Slovakia, Yugo-Slavia, 

 Hungary, Austria ; Italy recovered 

 what remained of Italia Irredenta, 

 and France her lost provinces. 

 Poland was reconstituted. In 

 Russia the tsardom had been hor- 

 ribly swept away, but the whole 

 empire was torn in fragments under 

 the Bolshevist regime. 



Rumania was greatly enlarged 

 as the result of the addition of 

 Bessarabia, Bukowina, and Tran- 

 sylvania ; Turkey was practically 

 confined to Constantinople, Greece 

 receiving from her most of Thrace. 

 In Nov., 1920, the Adriatic question 

 was settled, Fiume being declared 

 independent, and a new frontier 

 being drawn between Italy and 

 Yugo-Slavia. See N.V. 



A. D. Innes 



Bibliography. Periods of Euro- 

 pean History, ed. A. Hassall, 8 vols., 

 1893, etc. ; History of Modern 

 Europe, R. Lodge, 4th ed. 1897; 

 General Sketch of European History, 

 E. A. Freeman, 1898 ; History of 

 Modern Europe, T. H. Dyer, ed. 

 A. Hassall, 1901; Medieval Europe, 

 H. W. C. Davis, 1911 ; General 

 Sketch of Political History, A. D. 

 Innes, 1911 ; General History of the 

 World, O. Browning, 1913; Euro- 

 pean History chronologically ar- 

 ranged, 476-1920, A. Hassall, new 

 ed. 1920. For ancient history see 

 bibliographies under Rome and 

 Greece. 



Europium. Rare element dis- 

 covered by E. A.Demar9ay in 1896. 

 Found associated with samarium, 

 it is separated by fractional crystal- 

 lisation. It was first isolated in 

 1901. Its symbol is Eu. 



Eurotas. River of ancient La- 

 conia, Greece, now known as Iri. It 

 discharges into the Gulf of Laconia 

 after a course of 60 m. Sparta 

 stood on its banks. 



Euryale ferox. Aquatic peren- 

 nial herb of the natural order 

 Nymphaeaceae. It is a native of 

 the E. Indies. Its circular floating 

 leaves are 1 ft. to 4 ft. in dia- 

 meter, the rich purple underside, 

 like the sepals of the purple flower, 

 being protected by numerous 

 spines. The fruit is a round berry 

 containing numerous farinaceous 

 seeds, which are eaten after being 

 baked in sand. The Chinese culti- 

 vate the plant for these seeds. 



lyre induced Pluto, ruler of the 

 underworld, to restore his wife to 

 him, on condition that he did not 

 look behind until he reached the 

 earth again. In his eagerness to see 



Euryale ferox. Leaves and Sowers 

 of the East Indian aquatic plant 



if his wife were following, he forgot 



In Greek mythology Euryale is the condition, and Eurydice was 

 the name of one of the Gorgons lost to him for ever. See Orpheus. 

 (q.v.). Pron. U-ri-alee. 



Eurydice . In Greek mythology, 



she died Orpheus went down into 

 Hades, and by the power of his 



Pron. U-riddy-see. 



Eurymedon. Ancient name of 



wife of the poet Orpheus. When the Kopru Su, a river of Pamphylia, 



Asia Minor. It flowed into the 

 Mediterranean, W. of the Taurus 

 Mts., and at its 

 mouth the Athe- 

 nians under Cimon 

 (q.v.) defeated the 

 Persians 466 B.C. 

 Eurypterida(Gr. 

 eurys, broad; 

 pteron, wing). Ex- 

 tinct scorpion-like 

 animals of the class 

 Arachnida (q.v.). 

 The body is rather 

 flat, sometimes as 

 much as 6 ft. in 

 length, covered by 

 a thin horny cover- 

 ing (carapace) and 

 ornamented by 

 fine, scale-like 

 markings. The 

 head is semicircu- 

 lar, consisting of 

 six segments, fused 

 together, and six 

 pairs of append- 

 ages are attached 

 to the head-shield, 

 the last pair being 

 adapted as swim- 

 ming paddles The 

 abdominal portion 

 is long, of 12 seg- 

 ments, the first six 

 bearing plate-like 

 appendages with 

 leaf -like gills. The 

 last segment is a 

 tail - plate, some- 

 times produced 

 into a long spine. 

 The upper surface 

 of the head -shield 



Eurydice. By disobeying the command of Pluto 

 Orpheus loses the wife whom he had nearly rescued 

 from Hades 



From the painting, Orpheui and Evrydice, by 0. F. Wattt. B.A. "' has two eye-Spots 



