iVAN-THOMAS 



3O25 



EVENING NEWS 



Sir H. Evan-Thomas. 

 British sailor 



Russell 



Evan-Thomas, SIB HUGH (b. 

 1862). British sailor. Born Oct. 27, 

 1862, he entered the navy in 

 1 875. He was 

 flag-captain to 

 the Channel 

 fleet, 1903^*, 

 and private 

 secretary to 

 the first lord of 

 the admiralty, 

 1905-8. From 

 1910-12hewas 

 in command 

 of the R.N. 

 College, Dartmouth, being A.D.C. 

 to the king, 1911-12, when he 

 was promoted rear-admiral. Rear- 

 admiral of the first battle squad- 

 ron, 1913-14, he commanded the 

 fifth battle squadron in the battle 

 of Jutland. Knighted for his ser- 

 vices, he was commander-in-chief 

 at the Nore, 1920-23. 



Evaporation (Lat. e, from, out ; 

 vapor, vapour). Name commonly 

 given to the process by which a 

 liquid, and less commonly a solid 

 such as carbonic acid snow, 

 changes into a state of vapour. 

 Evaporation may be said to be a 

 function of heat and pressure. 

 Liquids may evaporate at all tem- 

 peratures ; under the application 

 of heat or the removal of pressure 

 from their surfaces, they evaporate 

 more quickly. At a given tempera- 

 ture evaporation hi a closed vessel 

 ceases when a certain pressure of 

 vapour is attained, for condensa- 

 tion of the vapour balances the 

 evaporation of the liquid. 



The rate of evaporation of a 

 liquid depends upon the area of 

 the surface exposed, the freedom 

 of the space surrounding it from 

 vapour, and the difference between 

 the vapour pressure and the ex- 

 ternal pressure. Thus a given 

 volume of a liquid evaporates more 

 quickly in a shallow dish than a 

 deep one, in a dry atmosphere than 

 a damp one, and on a warm day 

 than a cold one. The movement of 

 the atmosphere over the surface of 

 the liquid also increases the rate of 

 evaporation, as the evaporated 

 particles are carried away. 



In converting a liquid into a 

 vapour at the same temperature, 

 heat has to be supplied. In other 

 words, heat is absorbed in the pro- 

 cess of evaporation. The quantity 

 of heat that has to be supplied to 

 one gram of liquid at the boiling 

 point without changing its tem- 

 perature is called the latent heat 

 of vaporisation. This is the same 

 thing as the quantity of heat given 

 out by one gram of the vapour at 

 boiling point, when condensing to a 

 liquid at the same temperature. 



Evaporation of water is of great 

 importance in nature. In spring 



and summer wind and rising 

 temperature increase evaporation, 

 while in autumn and winter falling 

 temperature and cold spells de- 

 crease the capacity of the air for 

 holding water particles, causing 

 mists, fogs, and rain. See Boiling 

 Point ; Condenser ; Heat. 



Evaporation Value. Method 

 by which the relative values of 

 different fuels may be expressed. 

 It consists in stating the amount of 

 water which each is capable of 

 converting into steam when burnt 

 under specified conditions. Thus 

 one pound of average coal is cap- 

 able, theoretically, of converting 

 15 pounds of water at boiling tem- 

 perature in the atmosphere into 

 steam ; while under the same con- 

 ditions petroleum would convert 

 21 pounds, and ordinary dry 

 straw 8 pounds. These figures 

 represent the evaporation values 

 of the fuels named. See Fuel. 



Eve. Name of the first woman 

 in the Biblical story of creation. 

 In Hebrew the form of the name 

 is Chawwah. It was given to the 

 woman by Adam (Gen. iii, 20), and 

 is explained as meaning " living " 

 or " life." She was so called, it is 

 stated, because she was the mother 

 of all living. See Adam ; Creation. 

 Evection (Lat. e, from, out ; 

 vehere, to carry). Inequality of the 

 moon's motion, which increases or 

 diminishes the mean longitude of 

 the moon to the extent of 1 deg. 

 20 mins. See Moon. 



Evelina. Fanny Burney's first 

 novel. The first avowed novel of 

 society, it was published anony- 

 mously in 1778 under the title of 

 Evelina ; or a Young Lady's 

 Entrance into the World. Johnson 

 declared that there were passages 

 in it which might do honour to 

 Richardson. 



Evelyn, JOHN (1620-1706). Eng- 

 lish author and diarist. He was 

 born at Wotton House, Surrey, 

 Oct. 31, 1620. 

 Of a g o o d 

 family, he was 

 educated a t 

 Lewes and 

 Balliol Col- 

 lege, Oxford, 

 and became a 

 student of the 

 Middle Tem- 

 ple. Posses- 

 sing ample 

 means, he 

 remained 

 abroad during 

 the greater part of the Civil War. 



A sincere royalist and churchman, 

 his admiration for Charles II hi 

 exile did not blind him to his faults 

 later, when, after the restoration, 

 he enjoyed favour at Court. -From 

 1653-94 Evelyn was settled at 



Sayes Court, Deptford, where he 

 transformed a rude orchard and 

 field of 100 acres into a pleasaunce 

 of notable charm. He befriended 

 Jeremy Taylor and other divines, 

 was on terms of intimacy with 

 many notable men of his time, in- 

 cluding Bentley, Boyle, John Wil- 

 kins, Pepys, Grinling Gibbons, and 

 Hollar. He helped to found the 

 Royal Society, and was its secre- 

 tary in 1672. He was a commis- 

 sioner for the rebuilding of S. 

 Paul's Cathedral ; aided church 

 establishment in the plantations ; 

 was a commissioner of the privy 

 seal, 1685-87 ; and treasurer of 

 Greenwich Hospital, 1695-1703. 



In addition to gardening and 

 forestry, he took an active interest 

 in agriculture, architecture, art, 

 engraving, music, and navigation. 

 His Sylva, 1664, first drew atten- 

 tion to the importance of forestry 

 in England ; Terra, 1676, was 

 a first attempt in English at a 

 scientific study of agriculture ; 

 Sculptura, 1662, a work on en- 

 graving, was suggested by Boyle. 

 He wrote a Character of Eng- 

 land, 1659, an admirable Life of 

 Mrs. Godolphin, a discourse on 

 Medals, and a History of the 

 Dutch War, which is lost. 



He is remembered for his Diary, 

 1620-1706 (more properly de- 

 scribed as his memoirs), a work 

 valuable for its reflection of the 

 political, social, and religious life 

 of his time. The MS. of this was in 

 danger of destruction when, at the 

 suggestion of William Upcott, it 

 was edited by William Bray, and 

 first published in 1818. After 1694 

 he lived at Wotton, where he died, 

 Feb. 27, 1706, and was buried in 

 the chapel. He is well described as 

 a patriot who kept his loyalty in 

 dangerous times, a Christian who 

 preserved his integrity in the most 

 immoral, and a philosopher who 

 viewed every object with a desire 

 to extract from it all the beauty 

 and goodness it contained. See 

 editions of the Diary, with Life 

 by H. B. Wheatley, 1906 ; and by 

 Austin Dobson, with introduction 

 and notes, 1908 ; The Early Life and 

 Education of John Evelyn, 1620- 

 41, H. Maynard Smith, 1920. 



Evening News, THE. London 

 evening newspaper. Started in 

 1881 in the Conservative interest as 

 a rival to The Echo, in 1889 it ab- 

 sorbed The Evening Post, founded 

 1887. In Aug., 1894, it was acquired 

 for 25,000 by a new company of 

 which Alfred Harmsworth (Vis- 

 count Northcliffe), Harold Harms- 

 worth (Viscount Rothermere), and 

 Kennedy Jones were the pro- 

 prietors. Under the new direction 

 it emerged from an almost mori- 

 bund concern into a property 



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