EVORA 



3035 



I, 



The city and cathedral seen from the south. To the left is the 15tb 

 century Tour d'Horloge or Belfry 



Evora (anc. Ebora). City and 

 archiepiscopal see of Portugal, 

 capital of Evora dist. Beautifully 

 situated on a low hill in a fertile 

 plain, 72 m. by rly. E. of Lisbon, 

 it is enclosed by ancient walls and 

 towers, has many Roman and 

 Moorish remains, and is as interest- 

 ing as it is ancient. It has a cathe- 

 dral, founded in 1186, a 16th cen- 

 tury church, an art gallery, a 

 museum, many old convents, a 

 library, a Roman temple, various 

 palaces, and a famous aqueduct. 

 It manufactures cloth, cotton and 

 woollen goods, and hats, and trades 

 in wine. In the vicinity are copper 

 and iron mines, and marble and 

 asbestos quarries. An important 

 fair is held annually. A stronghold 

 of Sertorius (q.v. ) and a Roman 

 colony, Evora was a bishop's see 

 under the Visigoths, taken by the 

 Moors in 715, and recaptured by the 

 Christians in 1166. Pop. 17,901. 



Evreux. City of Normandy, 

 France. Itis67m. W.N.W. of Paris, 

 and stands on the Iton, a branch of 

 the Eure, in the dept. of Eure, of 

 which it is the capital. The chief 

 building is the cathedral of Notre 

 Dame, the earliest part dating from 

 the llth century and some part 

 from the 16th. It was completely 

 restored at the end of the 19th 

 Other old buildings are the church 

 of S. Taurin, a Romanesque build- 

 ing of the llth century, to which an 

 abbey was at one time attached, 

 the episcopal palace, and the belfry. 

 The hotel de ville, museum, public 

 library, and botanical gardens are 

 notable. There are some small 

 manufactures and a considerable 

 agricultural trade. 



Evreux was frequently besieged 

 and taken in the wars between 

 England and France. At Vieil 

 Evreux, 4 m. distant, extensive 

 remains of a Roman theatre, baths, 

 aqueduct, etc., have been unearthed. 

 In the Middle Ages the counts of 

 Evreux were powerful nobles ; the 

 dignity was given in 1427 to Sir 

 John Stuart of Damley, a Scot in 

 the French service. The English 

 family of Devereux takes its name 

 from here. Pop. 18,950. 



Evzones OR EUZONES. Greek 

 troops. They bear a variant of the 

 name given to troops in the timea 

 of ancient Greece, Euzonoi, mean- 

 ing well-girdled, and so girt-up for 

 fighting. They are light troops 

 consisting normally of about six 

 battalions, and from their dress 

 are known as the Greek High- 

 landers. Their uniform consists of 

 a white kilt or fustandla, wide- 

 sleeved white shirt, embroidered 

 vest, red-pointed shoes, and blue- 

 tasselled red cap. The Evzones 

 fought in Macedonia and Serbia 

 in the Great War. 



Ewald, CARL (1856-1908). Dan- 

 ish novelist. Born in Slesvig, when 

 a child he removed with his family 

 to Copenhagen 

 after the an- 

 nexation of the 

 duchy by Ger- 

 many. He start- 

 ed in active 

 work as a for- 

 e s te r, but 

 turned to mis- 

 cellaneous lit- 

 erary work,and 

 then to the 

 novel, in which he chiefly won dis- 

 tinction. In The Old Room he de- 

 picted a rebel against orthodox life, 

 and in Cordt's Son his opposite in a 

 strict observer of the conventions. 

 Several of his stories have been 

 translated into English by Texeira 

 de Mattos, notably Two-Legs and 

 Other Stories, 1907 ; My Little Boy, 

 1908; and The Pond and Other 

 Stories, 1909. Prow. Ayvahld. 



Ewald, GEORG HEFNRICH AUGUST 

 VON (1803-75). German Biblical 

 critic and Orientalist. He was born 

 at Gottingen, Nov. 16, 1803, where 

 in 1827 he be- 

 came professor 

 of Oriental 

 languages and 

 philosophy. In 

 1838 he was 

 appointed to 

 the chair of 

 theology at Tu- 

 bingen, and in 



Heinrich Ewald, 184 8 returned 

 German scholar to Gottingen, 



Carl Ewald, 

 Danish novelist 



where in 1867 his retirement came 

 about through political complica- 

 tions. His numerous works includea 

 Hebrew Grammar, 1827, and vari- 

 ous works on the O.T., but the most 

 important was his Geschichte des 

 Volkes Israel, 1843-59. His criti- 

 cism was cautious, and he exposed 

 the extreme views of the Tubingen 

 school. He died May 4, 1875. See 

 Heinrich Ewald ; a centenary 

 appreciation, T. W. Davies, 1903. 

 Pron. Ayvalt. 



Ewald OR EVALD, JOHANNES 

 (1743-81). A Danish poet. Born at 

 Copenhagen, Nov. 18, 1 743, a yearn- 

 ing for change and adventure in- 

 duced him, while still a student of 

 sixteen at Copenhagen University, 

 to join the army of Frederick the 

 Great, then engaged in the Seven 

 Years' War. In 1760 he returned 

 to Denmark and resumed his 

 studies. A cantata written in 1766 

 on the death of Frederick V of 

 Denmark placed him in the front 

 rank of lyric poets ; but his drama, 

 Balder's Death (1773), in which 

 he introduced the old gods of 

 Scandinavian mythology, first en- 

 sured his fame and gave an im- 

 mense stimulus to the national 

 pride in the legendary 'past of Den- 

 mark. George Sorrow's English 

 translation of this was published 

 in 1889. Other well-known works 

 are Adam and Eve, 1769 (rewritten 

 from his rejected Adamiade, 1764), 

 and The Fishermen, 1778. He died 

 March 17, 1781. Collected Works, 

 ed. H. Brix and V. Kuhr, 1914, etc. 

 Ewart, JAMES COSSAR (b. 1851). 

 Scottish naturalist. Born at Peni- 

 cuik, Nov. 26, 1851, he was edu- 

 cated at Edin- 

 burgh. In 1878 

 he became pro- 

 fessor of Na- 

 tural History 

 at Aberdeen, 

 where he estab- 

 lished a marine 

 zoological sta- 

 tion, and in 

 1882 at Edin- 

 burgh. He 

 did much to 

 develop the Scottish fisheries, and 

 is an authority on marine zoology. 

 Ewart, SIR JOHN SPENCER (b. 

 1861). British soldier. Born March 

 22, 1861, he was educated at Marl- 

 borough and 

 Sandhurst, 

 joining the 

 Cameron High- 

 landers, 1881. 

 He saw service 

 in 

 18 



Sudan, 1885- 

 86, 1898, and 



Sir John Ewart. * n S> Africa, 

 Brittsh soldier 1899-1901. 



J. Cossar Ewart, 

 Scottish naturalist 



From an etching 



Egypt, 1882, 

 84-85, in the 



