EXETER COLLEGE 



3046 



EXHIBITION 



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Exeter College, Oxford. The front quadrangle, showing 

 the fine Gothic chapel 



Hills & Sounders 



Exhaust (Lat. 

 ex, from, out ; 

 haurire, to draw). 

 Word meaning 

 in general the 

 stream of burnt 

 gases ejected 

 from the engine, 

 or it may be ap- 

 plied to the ex- 

 haust piping it- 

 self. In the 

 internal combus- 

 tion engine the 

 waste gases after 

 combustion are 

 expelled through 

 the exhaust 

 valve, and the 



Exeter College 

 arms 



Exeter College. One of the col- 

 leges of the university of Oxford. 



Founded in 1314 by Walter de 



Stapeldon, bishop of Exeter, it was 



first called Stapeldon Hall, after- 

 wards Exeter 

 Hall, and then 

 Exeter College, 

 being enlarged 

 by Sir William 

 Petreinl565. It 

 has always had 

 a special con- 

 nexion with 

 Devon and Corn- 

 wall, and certain 



scholarships are confined to schools 



in those counties. Among famous 



Devonians educated here were 



R. D. Blackmore and Archbishop 



Temple. The buildings face on 



Turl Street and Broad Street, and 



their chief feature is the 19th cen- 

 tury chapel, with decorations by 



Burne-Jones and William Morris, 



both members of the college. The 



hall is notable and there is a small 



but beautiful garden. The head is 



called the rector. 

 Exeter Hall. Public building in 



London, the site of which is now 



occupied by the Strand Palace 



Hotel. Built in 



1831 on land be- 

 longing at one 



time to the mar- 

 quess of Exeter, 



it was first the 



headquarters of 



the Sacred Har- 

 monic Society, 



where most of the 



great singers of 



the time, includ- 

 ing Jenny Lind, 



appeared. It 



later became 



known as the 



place where the 



annual meetings Ex eter Hall. An anti-slavery meeting held in the hall in 1841 



of many religious From a contemporary engraving 



bodies were held. In 1880 it was several were held in Paris in the 



acquired by the Y.M.C.A., which time of Napoleon. The practice of 



occupied it until 1907. The hall awarding medals was then intro- 



held 5,000 people. duced. Others followed Great 



exhaust port into the exhaust pipe 

 at the exhaust stroke of the piston. 



Exhibition. In education, a 

 grant made to assist persons to pay 

 for their education. It ranks as less 

 important and is usually less valu- 

 able than a scholarship. There are 

 exhibitions at most of the colleges 

 of Oxford and Cambridge. This 

 use of the word comes from an old 

 meaning when exhibition meant 

 maintenance. See Scholarship. 



Exhibition (Lat. ex, out ; habere, 

 to have). Term used for a display 

 or show of any kind. Thus there 

 are exhibitions of pictures and 

 other works of art. In a special 

 sense, however, the word is used 

 for displays of manufactured goods, 

 and national and international ex- 

 hibitions of this kind were organ- 

 ized on an enormous scale during 

 the 19th and 20th centuries. These 

 are known to the French as ex 

 positions. In a sense they are the 

 modern equivalent of the great 

 medieval fairs, although the idea 

 is not so much to sell goods directly 

 as to make them known. 



Several exhibitions were held 

 during the 18th century. In 1797 

 one was held at St. Cloud, and 



Britain, Germany, and other Euro- 

 pean countries, also other parts of 

 the British Empire and the U.S.A., 

 borrowing the idea from France. 

 Some of them were confined to a 

 single industry, and to the products 

 of the home country, but others 

 were wider in their scope. Paris 

 remained the centre of this form 

 of activity, but exhibitions were 

 held in London (1828), Manchester 

 (1837), Leeds (1839), and Birming- 

 ham (1849). 



The modern international ex- 

 hibition is generally regarded as 

 having started in 1851, when one 

 was held in Hyde Park, London. 

 Prompted by the Society of Arts, 

 the Crystal Palace was built to 

 accommodate the exhibits, and it 

 was a great success. It was visited 

 by over 6,000,000 people, and from 

 the fund money was set aside for 

 scholarships 1851 exhibitions they 

 are called and for other purposes. 

 Other international exhibitions 

 followed, one or two being held 

 almost every year. Among the 

 largest were New York (1853) and 

 Paris (1855). In 1862 a second was 

 held in London, and in 1853 and 

 1865 there were exhibitions in 

 Dublin, where, on a smaller scale, 

 triennial ones had been held since 

 1829. In 1867 another interna- 

 tional exhibition, with several 

 novel features, was held in Paris ; 

 in 1873 there was one in Vienna ; 

 in 1876 at Philadelphia ; in 1878 at 

 Paris, as before in the Champs de 

 Mars ; in 1888 at The Hague. In 

 1886 there were exhibitions in 

 Edinburgh and Liverpool, and a 

 Colonial and Indian Exhibition in 

 London, and in 1888 one at Glas- 

 gow. In 1889 a great exhibition 

 was held hi Paris, the Eiffel Tower 

 being erected for it. In 1893 there 

 was one at Chicago. Glasgow had 

 another in 1901. 



The Paris Exhibition of 1900 

 was the largest till then held in 

 Europe, and in 1904 the one at 

 St. Louis again created a record for 

 size. In 1901 a Pan-American 

 Exhibition was held at Buffalo, 

 and others were held at Liege 

 (1905), Brussels (1910), Turin 

 (1911), and Ghent (1913). In 1908 

 there was held at Shepherd's Bush 

 the first of a series of exhibitions on 

 slightly different lines. This was 

 confined to the produce of Britain 

 and France, and one in 1910 to 

 those of Britain and Japan. The 

 annual exhibitions held at Earl's 

 Court, London, were a prominent 

 feature of the metropolis. The 

 Great War put a temporary stop 

 to this form of activity, but with 

 its cessation numerous plans for 

 exhibitions, both general and par- 

 ticular, were suggested The British 

 Empire exhibition, arranged for 



