FACTORY INSPECTOR 



3064 



Factory Inspector. Class of 

 British civil servants attached to 

 the Home Office. Stationed all 

 over the country, they serve under 

 a chief inspector, and supervise the 

 observation of the laws regulating 

 employment in factories and work- 

 shops ; they are concerned with 

 the hours of labour of women and 

 young persons, sanitary conditions, 

 etc. Some inspectors are women, 

 and in 1920 women became eligible 

 for all posts. See Factory Acts. 



Faculae (Lat. facula, small 

 torch). Bright spots on the sun's 

 granular surface, most often found 

 associated with the dark sun-spots. 

 They appear after sun-spots, and 

 reaches of them may stretch tens 

 of thousands of miles. High in the 

 sun's atmosphere, they escape 

 some of its absorptive influence, 

 and thus acquire their brilliancy of 

 aspect. See Sun. 



Faculties, COURT OF. Court held 

 on behalf of the archbishop of Can- 

 terbury. It takes no litigation, but 

 is merely for the purpose of grant- 

 ing faculties to perform certain 

 actions hi connexion with church 

 buildings, to be married otherwise 

 than by the publication of banns, or 

 at a place or time outside the ordin- 

 ary places and hours, or to be made 

 a public notary. The president is 

 the judge of the court of arches and 

 the court has a registrar and other 

 officials. Its offices are at 23, 

 Knightrider Street, Doctors' Com- 

 mons, London, E.G. In the arch- 

 diocese of York similar work is 

 performed by the archbishop's 

 chancery court, while in the ordin- 

 ary dioceses consistory courts are 

 held in the names of the various 

 bishops. See Ecclesiastical Law. 



Faculty (Lat. facultas, facility, 

 ability). Word having several 

 meanings. One indicates any special 

 mental power ; e.g., the faculty of 

 speech. This use has come down 

 from the early philosophers. De- 

 rived obviously therefrom is the 

 use of the word for a department of 

 a university, and for its instructors, 

 thus in modern universities we 

 have the faculties of arts, medicine, 

 law, theology, science, etc. Similar 

 is its occasional application to the 

 members in a collective sense of a 

 learned profession, e.g., the faculty 

 of advocates in Scotland. 



In English ecclesiastical law and 

 usage the term means a permission 

 to do something which is not al- 

 lowed by the common law ; e.g., to 

 be married otherwise than after the 

 publication of the banns, or to 

 make an alteration in a church. 

 For such matters as the altering of 

 churches, putting up monuments, 

 etc., therein, each bishop deputes 

 his chancellor to hear the applica- 

 tion. See. Ecclesiastical law. 



house of Fleet. 



Thomas Faed, 

 Scottish painter 



Faed, THOMAS (1826-1900). 

 Scottish painter. Born at Gate- 

 Kirkcudbright- 

 shire, June 

 8, 1826, he 

 studied art at 

 Edinburgh, 

 and painted 

 many scenes 

 of Scottishlife, 

 humorous and 

 pathetic. 

 A.R.S.A. in 

 1843, he came 

 to London in 

 1852. and became A.R.A. 1861, and 

 R.A. in 1864. He died. Aug. 17, 

 1900, almost blind, at St. John's 

 Wood. His Faults on Both Sides, 

 Silken Gown, and the Young High- 

 land Mother are in the Tate Gallery. 

 Faenza (anc. Faventia). City of 

 Italy, in the prov. of Ravenna. It 

 stands on the Lam one, 31 m. by 

 rly. S.E. of Bologna. Surrounded 

 by medieval walls, it has for cen- 

 turies been famed for its art pot- 

 tery called "faience" (q.v.). On 

 the principal square are the cathe- 

 dral (1474), the former palace of 

 the Manf redi, now the city hall, and 

 the church of S_. Michele. There is 

 an arcaded market-place, and the 

 municipal art gallery has frescoes, 

 sculptures and fine specimens of 

 local majolica. Silk spinning, 

 weaving, and sulphur refining are 

 carried on. Founded as Faventia 

 by the Romans, it was the scene in 

 A.D. 542 of the defeat of the Byzan- 

 tines by Totila, and was prominent 

 in the medieval wars of the Guelphs 

 and the Ghibellines. Captured in 

 1240 by Frederick II, it fell suc- 

 cessively to the Manf redi, the 

 Borgias, Venetians, and the popes. 

 Pop. 40,164. 



Faery Queene, THE. Poem by 

 Edmund Spenser published in 

 1590-96. The published poem con- 

 sists of six books, divided into 12 

 cantos, between 50 and 60 stanzas 

 in each canto, and is written in 

 nine-line stanzas, each ending with 

 a twelve-syllable line. The poem 

 blends the Arthurian legend of 

 knights errant with classical lore, 

 Christian teaching, and allegory, 

 both general (concerning the vir- 

 tues and vices) and particular (con- 

 cerning people of the poet's time). 

 Devised as an allegory on a grand 

 scale, and only half completed, it 

 remains a wonderful medley of 

 poetic romance, shot through with 

 threads of allegory, full of descrip- 

 tive beauty and rich verbal music. 

 Fafnir. Treasure-guarding worm 

 or dragon of Scandinavian and 

 Teutonic mythology. In both 

 a smith's brother is supposed to 

 have been transformed into this 

 form. In the Scandinavian Volsung 

 Saga, Sigurd slays Fafnir, guardian 



James B. Fagan, 

 British dramatist 



Russell 



of Ardvara's hoard, and is there- 

 after known as Sigurd Fafnirsbane : 

 while in the Nibelungen Lied Sieg- 

 fried kills Fafnir, who guards the 

 great Nibelung hoard. ": 



Fagaceae. Natural order of 

 trees. The fruit is enclosed in a cup, 

 and the order includes the sweet 

 chestnut (Castanea), oak (Quercus), 

 and beech (Fagus). 



Fagan, JAMES BERNARD (b. 

 1873). British dramatist. He was 

 born May 10, 1873, and educated at 

 Clongowes 

 Wood College 

 and Trinity 

 College, Ox- 

 ford. He 

 gained an in- 

 timate know- 

 ledge of stage- 

 craft during 

 four years as 

 an actor. His 

 first play, The 

 Rebel, was per- 

 formed in 1899. It was followed by 

 The Prayer of the Sword, 1904 ; 

 Under Which King, 1905 ; Haw- 

 thorne, U.S.A., 1905 ; The Earth, 

 1909 ; A Merry Devil, 1909 ; The 

 Dressing Room, 1910: and Bella 

 Donna, adapted from Robert 

 Hichens's novel, 1911. 



Fagging. Old-established sys- 

 tem at English public schools under 

 which the older boys are em- 

 powered by the school authorities 

 to exact certain duties from the 

 younger boys. The duties, formerly 

 heavy, now consist of running 

 errands, tidying studies, etc., and 

 games' fagging. The system, some- 

 times elaborately organized, varies 

 at different schools. All boys are 

 liable to fagging until they reach a 

 certain form. As a rule the sixth 

 form alone are entitled to fags, but 

 some schools extend the privilege 

 to the fifth and also to the cricket 

 eleven and football fifteen. 



Faggot Voter. Name given to 

 a class of voters, now non-existent 

 at elections in England. The 

 main qualification for a vote in 

 the counties was the ownership 

 of land worth 40s. a year. When 

 instituted in the 15th century 

 this meant a considerable estate, 

 but in the 18th century it meant 

 little. Landowners therefore gave 

 patches of ground to their servants 

 and dependants on the implied 

 condition that they voted as their 

 masters wished, a practice not 

 completely destroyed till the Re- 

 form Act of 1884. 



Fagin. Character in Dickens's 

 novel Oliver Twist. A disreputable 

 old Jew, he is a prominent member 

 of the criminal gang to which Bill 

 Sikes belongs, and is hanged for 

 complicity in Sikes's murder of 

 Nancy. His special province is the 



