FAIRBA1RN 



3067 



FAIRFORD 



Fairbairn, Sm WILLIAM (1789- 

 1874). British engineer. Born at 

 Kelso, Roxburghshire, Feb. 19, 

 1789, the son 

 of a farmer, in 

 1804 he was 

 apprenticed to 

 a millwright in 

 Newcastle, and 

 educated him- 

 self in his 

 spare time. 

 Coming to 

 Sir W. Fairbairn, London in 

 British engineer 18 H 5 j n ig 17 



he started, in partnership with 

 James Lillie, an engineering busi- 

 ness which proved successful. In 

 1830 he turned his attention to iron 

 boat construction, and in 1835 

 opened shipbuilding works at Mill- 

 wall. Moving thence to Manchester 

 he invented a riveting machine, 

 and superintended the construc- 

 tion of the Menai Bridge, 1848. He 

 was made a baronet in 1869, and 

 died Aug. 18, 1874. 



Fairbanks, CHARLES WARREN 

 (1852-1918). American politician. 

 Born in Ohio, May 11, 1852. he 

 graduated a t 

 the Wesleyan 

 university, 

 1872, a n'd 

 worked for The 

 Associated 

 Press. Ad- 

 mitted to the 

 Ohio bar in 

 1874, he was 

 elected a Re- 

 publican sena- 

 tor for Indiana, 1897-1909. He 

 was elected vice-president in 1904. 

 He stood unsuccessfully for the 

 vice-presidency in 1916. He died 

 June 5, 1918. 



Fairbanks, DOUGLAS (b. 1883). 

 American actor. Born at Denver, 

 May 23, 1883, he was educated 

 there and studied mining at the 

 Colorado School of Mines. His first 

 appearance on the New York stage 

 was in 1901. Engagements at vari- 

 ous New York theatres followed, 

 and he toured the U.S. from 1908- 

 10 in A Gentleman from Missis- 

 sippi. About 1914 he took up 

 cinema work, at which he made a 

 great success. In 1920 he married 

 Mary Pickford (q.v. ), with whom 

 he visited England in that year. 



Fairey. Name given to British 

 aircraft manufactured by the 

 Fairey Aviation Co., Hayes, Mid- 

 dlesex. The firm's activities have 

 been almost entirely confined to 

 the design and construction of sea- 

 planes, but in 1914 Fairey designed, 

 and in 1916 completed and de- 

 livered to the R.N.A.S., one of the 

 first examples of the large, twin- 

 engine type of machines used for 

 bombing. See illus. p. 3068. 



C. W. Fairbanks, 

 American politician 



Fairfax, FERDINANDO FAIRFAX, 

 2ND BARON (1584-1648). English 

 soldier. The son of Thomas Fair- 

 fax, a Yorkshire landowner, he was 

 born March 29, 1584, and when 

 young served against Spain in the 

 Netherlands. In 1640 he succeeded 

 his father as Baron Fairfax of 

 Cameron, a Scottish title dating 

 from 1627, but this did not pre- 

 vent him from becoming a member 

 of the Long Parliament. Therein, 

 taking the side of the parliament, 

 he was chosen to command its 

 forces in Yorkshire when war be- 

 gan in 1642. He served for about 

 two years, but only met with one 

 or two minor successes ; on the 

 other hand, he was routed at Ad- 

 walton Moor, and driven from the 

 field at Marston Moor. He died 

 March 14, 1648. 



Fairfax, THOMAS FAIRFAX, 3RD 

 BARON (1612-71). English soldier. 

 The son of the 2nd baron, he was 



born at _ ^^^ ~,-^-^ m ^ l 



D e n t o n , ] 

 Yorkshire, ! 



Jan. 17, 1612. j KW *J| 

 He went to > ^Hr''"* v^I 

 S. J o h n's 

 College, 

 Cam bridge, 

 after which 

 he saw mili- 

 tary service 

 in the 

 Netherlands. 

 In 1640 he 

 s e r v e d 

 against the 

 Scots, but when the civil war 

 began in 1642, he and his father 

 were prominent among the king's 

 opponents. 



In 1644, on the passing of the 

 self-denying ordinance, Fairfax 

 was made commander-in-chief of 

 the parliamentary armies, and as 

 such was responsible for the 

 victory at Naseby. At the end of 

 the first period of the war he was 

 something of a national hero, but 

 he had little sympathy with the 

 policy of the more violent of the 

 army leaders. He helped, however, 

 to put down the royalist rising in 

 1648, and was one of the judges ap- 

 pointed to try Charles. But when 

 the trial began he refused to sit, and 

 in 1650 he resigned his position as 

 head of the army, receiving a pen- 

 sion of 5,000 a 'year. In 1659 he 

 came from retirement, and helped 

 Monk to place Charles II on the 

 throne, going as head of the depu- 

 tation to The Hague. He was 

 elected as M.P. for Yorkshire to the 

 new parliament, and that was the 

 end of his public career, although 

 he lived until Nov. 12, 1671, 

 dying at Nun Appleton. Fairfax 

 was a man of culture, who wrote 

 two accounts of his campaigns, 



verses, and made translations. His 

 correspondence was published in 

 four volumes, 1848-49. See also 

 The Great Lord Fairfax. Sir C. R. 

 Markham, 1870. 



Fairfax was succeeded in the 

 barony by his son. It passed to 

 his descendants, coming in 1710 to 

 Thomas Fairfax, who became the 

 6th baron. He sold Denton Hall, 

 the Yorkshire seat of the family, 

 and settled in Virginia, where he 

 inherited some millions of acres, 

 and lived in princely splendour. 

 His brother, the 7th baron, died 

 without sons, when the title passed 

 to a distant relative. For a time, 

 the heirs being American citizens, 

 it was not claimed, but in 1912 

 Albert Kirby Fairfax was permitted 

 by the House of Lords to take it. 

 He ranked as the 12th baron. 



Fairfax, Sm JAMES READING 

 (1834-1919). Australian news- 

 paper proprietor. Born at Leam- 

 ington, Eng- 

 land, Oct. 17, 

 1834, he joined 

 the staff of his 

 father's paper, 

 The Sydney 

 Morning Her 

 aid, in 1851. 

 Five years 

 later he be- 

 came a part- 

 n e r, and 

 during the re- 

 mainder of his life was actively en- 

 gaged in the management of The 

 Herald and The Sydney Mail, 

 which he founded. Knighted in 

 1898, he was a director of the 

 Bank of N.S.W., and president of 

 the national art gallery of N.S.W. 

 He died March 28, 1919. 



Fairfield. Parish of Derby- 

 shire, England, partly within the 

 borough of Buxton. Pop. 4,114. 

 There are a number of other Fair- 

 fields in England, one being a 

 suburb of Manchester and another 

 of Liverpool. Fairfield is the 

 name, too, of a mountain (2,863 

 ft. high), near Helvellyn, in West- 

 morland. 



Fairford. Parish and village of 

 Gloucestershire, England. It stands 

 on the Coin, 25 m. W.S.W. of 

 Oxford, and has a station on the 

 G.W.R. Its 15th century church, 

 dedicated to S. Mary, and built by 

 John Tame, a London merchant, 

 contains some of the most wonderful 

 stained glass in the country. The 

 28 windows figure the whole story 

 of the Creation and of the work of 

 Jesus Christ. The village has a fair 

 and was a centre of cloth manufac- 

 ture. It is visited for trout fishing, 

 and was the birthplace of John 

 Keble. In the neighbourhood are 

 Hatherop Castle and Fairford 

 Park. Pop. 1,410. 



Sir James Fairfax, 

 Australian news- 

 paper proprietor 



