FALCONRY 



3072 



FALKENHAYN 



he became a sailor, and wrote 

 The Shipwreck, 1763, a realistic 

 poem, and a Marine Dictionary, 

 1769. He joined the navy, and, 

 Sept., 1769, sailed for India in the 

 frigate Aurora, which was lost off 

 Cape Town. 



Falconry. Sport of hawking 

 and the breeding and training of 

 hawks, more usually known as 

 hawking (q.v.). 



Faldstool (late Lat. fcddistori- 

 um ; Ger. fatten, to fold, Stuhl, stool, 

 seat, or throne). Portable crossed 

 or folding stool so constructed that 

 it can be used as a prie-dieu or 

 kneeling desk or a seat. In Eng- 

 land it was used by bishops when 

 occupying a seat in the sanctuary 

 other than their throne, or were 

 visiting a church other than their 



Faldstool or Litany desk of carved oak 



cathedral ; and it is still used in 

 Roman Catholic churches. The 

 term is applied to the small, low 

 desk at which the Litany is en- 

 joined to be sung or said, and to 

 the stool at which a sovereign 

 kneels at his coronation. The 

 faldistorium on which Queen Mary 

 sat at her marriage with Philip II 

 of Spain is preserved in Langton's 

 chapel, Winchester Cathedral. 



Faleme. River of Senegal. It 

 forms part of the boundary be- 

 tween the Senegal and Haut- 

 Senegal and Niger colonies. It rises 

 in French Guinea in the water- 

 shed separating the Gambia and 

 Bafing rivers, and runs N.N.W. to 

 the Senegal river, which it enters 

 near Bakel. It is partly navigable 

 for small boats during the wet 

 season. Its length is 200 m. 



Falerii. Ruined city of Etruria. 

 Its site is near the modern town of 

 Civitk Castellana, 35 m. N. of 

 Rome. One of the league of 12 

 Etruscan cities, its origin is lost 

 in antiquity. Destroyed by the 

 Romans, 241 B.C., the inhabitants 

 built a new town 3 m. N.W. of 

 the original site. Of the Roman 

 Falerium Novum there are many 

 remains, the walls, towers, and 



gateways being well preserved, and 

 reputed to be among the most re- 

 markable specimens extant of 

 ancient military architecture . The 

 town was deserted early in the llth 

 century. 



Falernian Wine. Famous wine 

 of the ancient Romans. It was 

 light in colour and potent. A wine 

 produced in the district, which is a 

 fertile plain in Campania, near the 

 Volturno river, is called Falerno. 



Falguiere, JEAN ALEXANDRE 

 JOSEPH (1831-1900). French sculp- 

 tor and painter. Born at Toulouse, 

 Sept. 7, 1831, he studied at the 

 Beaux Arts under Jouffroy, and 

 at Rome. His work was at first 

 classical in manner, but after- 

 wards became strongly realistic. 

 A marble statue of Tarcisus, mar- 

 tyr, now in the Luxembourg, was 

 his crowning success ; one may 

 cite also Cain and Abel, Les 

 Lutteurs, and the statue of 

 Lafayette. Falguiere died at 

 Paris, April 19, 1900. 



Faliero, MARINO (1279-1355). 

 Doge of Venice. Member of an 

 ancient Venetian family, he de- 

 feated the Hungarians at Zara in 

 1346, and captured the city. 

 Elected doge in 1354, his troubles 

 began with the defeat of the 

 Venetian navy by the Genoese. 

 The unrest caused by this disaster 

 aroused Faliero' s ambitions. He 

 allied himself with the leaders of 

 the populace, and a plot was 

 hatched to murder the leaders of 

 the nobility on April 15, 1355, and 

 proclaim Marino prince of Venice. 

 The Council of Ten, learning of the 

 plot, seized Faliero, who confessed 

 his share therein and was executed 

 April 17, 1355. 



Falk, PAUL LTTDWIG ADALBERT 

 (1827-1900). German statesman. 

 Born at Metschkau, Silesia, Aug. 

 10, 1827, after studying law he 

 entered the Prussian diplomatic 

 service in 1847. In 1867 he re- 

 presented Silesia in the parliament 

 of the N. German Confederation. 

 Appointed Prussian minister for 

 ecclesiastical and educational 

 affairs in 1872, he successfully op- 

 posed Roman Catholic interven- 

 tion in educational matters, and 

 introduced a law declaring the 

 right of the state to supervise all 

 schools. Instigated by the pope, 

 the bishops ignored this law and 

 various penalties and fines were 

 imposed on them. This brought 

 such odium upon Falk that he re- 

 signed in 1879. In 1882 he was 

 given a judicial appointment and 

 he died at Hamm, Westphalia, 

 July 7, 1900. 



Falkenhausen, FRIEDRICH, 

 BARON VON (b. 1869). German 

 soldier. He was born at Pots- 

 dam, and entering the army in 



1887 had a distinguished career. 

 He commanded the 6th army 

 corps, 1916-17, and in April, 1917. 

 succeeded von 



Friedrich von Fal- 

 kenhausen, Ger- 

 man soldier 



ernor - general 

 of Belgium, 

 where his rule 

 was more op- 

 pressive than 

 that of his pre- 

 decessor. In 

 one year he 

 had 170 Bel- 

 gians shot, in- 

 cluding women 

 and boys and girls, and he author- 

 ised severe penalties, deportations, 

 and floggings. See Belgium. 



Falkenhayn, ERICH VON (1861- 

 1922). German soldier. He was 

 born at Burg Belchau, Sept. 11, 

 1861, and entered the German 

 army in 1880. After leaving the 

 Academy of War in Berlin in 1890 

 he joined the general staff. He 

 served on Count Waldersee's staff 

 in the China Expedition in 1900. 

 In 1911 he commanded the 4th 

 regiment of Guards, and in 1912 

 was chief of the staff of the 4th 

 army corps. In 1913 he became 

 minister of war, which post he 

 held at the outbreak of the Great 

 War ; but in Dec., 1914, he was 

 definitely appointed chief of the 

 general staff, and was its respon- 

 sible head till removed in Aug., 

 1916, owing to the failure of the 

 German offensive at Verdun. 



In Sept., 1916, he was appointed 

 commander-in-chief of the Ninth 

 Army, composed of German and 

 Austrian divi- 

 s i o n s, and 

 after driving 

 the Rumani- 

 ans from the 

 N. side of the 

 Transylvanian 

 Alps, he forced 

 the passes, and 

 descendedinto 

 the plains of 

 Wallachia, the 

 first step in the 

 overthrow of Rumania. He re- 

 turned to Germany in 1917 on 

 Mackensen's taking entire control 

 of the Austro-German forces in Ru- 

 mania, and later went to the Middle 

 East to direct the Turkish opera- 

 tions against the British in Pales- 

 tine and Mesopotamia, but not 

 being successful was recalled and 

 replaced by Liman von Sanders in 

 March, 1918. He died April 8, 1922. 

 By many, Falkenhayn was re- 

 garded as the ablest strategist 

 produced by Germany during the 

 Great War. In 1919 he published 

 General Headquarters, 1914-16, 

 and its Critical Decisions, Eng. 

 trans. 1919. See illus. p. 249. 



Erich von Falken- 

 hayn, German 



soldier 



