FALLOW 



3076 



FALSE ACACIA 



Fallow. Saxon word meaning 

 reddish or buff-coloured, used to 

 describe ploughed land without a 

 crop. Before root-crops were known 

 and artificial manures in use, land 

 exhausted by the growth of crops 

 was given a rest, and was then 

 said to be in bare fallow. Proper 

 tillage of a fallow cleans the soil 

 thoroughly from weeds, while the 

 air and water circulating in the 

 soil gradually convert dormant 

 plant-food into soluble and avail- 

 able forms. 



Land does not~" require a rest, 

 as was formerly supposed, and the 

 practice of allowing it to become 

 overgrown with natural vegetation 

 was a great mistake. On land which 

 is very heavy, or full of weeds, 

 bare fallowing is still practised ; 

 but in modern agriculture fallowing 

 is replaced by the growth of root- 

 crops or kale or rape, which do not 

 interfere with cleaning operations, 

 and allow of replenishment of 

 plant-food by suitable manuring. 

 When the crop is fed off on the 

 land, with an added ration of cake, 

 the resulting manure keeps up the 

 supply of plant-food in the soil. 

 Half, bastard, or rag f allowing con- 

 sists in letting a seed crop persist 

 for two years, cultivation following 

 when the hay has been carried, or 

 the best of the keep eaten off by 

 stock. See Agriculture. 



Fallow Deer. Small group of 

 deer, characterised by having 

 antlers round at the base and 

 palmated above. They have 

 small heads, rather large ears, and 

 comparatively long tails, and 

 usually stand about 3 ft. high. 

 The hair is generally fawn colour, 

 more or less dappled with white, 

 but some local races lack the white 

 spots, and are of such dark brown 

 as to approach black. This is the 

 deer generally kept in parks in 

 Great Britain, and it occurs in a 

 wild state in Epping Forest. It was 

 probably introduced into Great 

 Britain from the Mediterranean 

 district at some early period. The 

 huge extinct deer of Ireland, often 

 erroneously called the Irish elk, 

 was a gigantic species of fallow 

 deer, and stood 6 ft. high at the 

 shoulder, with antlers spanning 

 over 11 ft. Its remains are also 

 found in England and Scotland. 

 See Deer ; also illus. p. 472. 



Fallowfield. Suburb of Man- 

 chester. On the S. of the city, it is 

 mainly a residential district. It 

 has a station on the G.C. Rly., and 

 is also connected with the city 

 proper by tramways. Pop. of 

 dist. 3,316. See Manchester. 



Fall River. City of Massachu- 

 setts, U.S.A., in Bristol co. On 

 Mount Hope Bay, 50 m. S.S.W. of 

 Boston, it is served by the New 



York, New Haven, and Hartford 

 Rly., and by an inter-urban electric 

 system. It has a commodious 

 harbour, is among the leading 

 producers of cotton goods in the 

 country, and manufactures calico, 

 woollens, boots and shoes, hats, 

 pianos, and machinery. There 

 are also brass and iron foundries, 

 and granite is largely worked in 

 the neighbourhood. Abundant 

 water-power is obtained from Fall 

 River. Among the principal build- 

 ings are the custom-house and the 

 state armoury. Forming part of 

 Freetown down to 1803, it was 

 called Troy until 1834, and received 

 a city charter in 1854. Pop. 129,630. 

 Falmouth. Mun. bor., seaport 

 and market town of Cornwall, 

 England. It stands at the mouth 



^ 7 of the Fal, llf m. 



by rly. S. of Truro, 

 on a branch of 

 the G.W.R. It is 

 an important port 

 of call, and has 

 an excellent har- 

 bour, accessible to 

 the largest vessels. 

 The two dry 

 docks have been recently deepened 

 by 4 ft., and pneumatic plant and 

 electric welding apparatus in. 

 stalled, and large vessels can now 

 put in for repairs. A new dry dock 

 to accommodate vessels of length 

 720 ft., beam 90 ft., and draught 

 28 ft., was under construction in 

 1920. Shipbuilding and engineer- 

 ing, brewing and rope -making 

 are prominent industries, and 

 there is a considerable pilchard 

 fishery. Falmouth exports tin. Its 

 mild and equable climate and the 

 scenery of the Fal valley make it 

 a favourite watering-place. Here 

 are the headquarters of the Royal 

 Cornwall Yacht Club. The cor- 

 poration maintains the markets, 

 library and pleasure grounds. 

 Great improvements have been 

 made along the sea front, a sub- 

 tropical garden having been laid 

 out and a concert pavilion erected. 

 Market day, Sat, Pop. (1921)13,318. 



Falmouth arms 



Falmouth. British light cruiser. 

 She was torpedoed in the North Sea, 

 Aug. 19, 1916. Belonging to the 

 Weymouth type, and completed in 

 1911, she was 430 ft. long, 48 ft. in 

 beam, displaced 5,250 tons, and 

 had engines of 23,500 h.p., giving a 

 speed of 25 knots. She carried eight 

 6-in. and nine smaller guns. 



Falmouth, VISCOUNT. British 

 title borne by the family of Bos- 

 cawen since 1720. The family is 

 an old Cornish one, members of 

 it having possessed Boscawen-Rose 

 in the time of King John. Several 

 Boscawens were M.P.'s for Corn- 

 wall, and in 1720 one of these, 

 Hugh, was made a viscount. The 

 title passed to his son and grandson 

 and came in 1808 to Edward Bos- 

 cawen, who in 1821 was made earl 

 of Falmouth. When his son, the 

 2nd earl, died in 1852 the earldom 

 became extinct, but the viscounty 

 passed to a cousin, Evelyn. The 

 latter's son, Evelyn, the 7th vis- 

 count, succeeded in 1889. He in- 

 herited from his mother in 1891 the 

 ancient barony of Le Despencer 

 and saw service in Egypt, 1880-85. 

 In 1918 his son, Evelyn Hugh, 

 became the 8th viscount. The 

 family seat is Tregothnan, Truro. 



False Acacia (Robinia pseud- 

 acacia) OR LOCUST-TREE. Tree of 

 the natural order Leguminosae, 



Falmouth. Prince of Wales pier, opened in 1905, from 

 which all steamers start 



False Acacia. Flower of the Locust- 

 tree of N. America 



native of N. America. It attains a 

 height of 60 ft. to 80 ft. Its long, 

 narrow leaves are broken up into 

 5-12 pairs of oval 

 j leaflets, and at 

 i the base of the 

 ] leafstalk are two 

 stipules which, 

 on the non-flower- 

 ing branches, be- 

 c o m e hardened 

 into persistent 

 spines. The fra- 

 grant flowers are 

 produced in long, 

 pendant sprays, 

 like those of the 

 laburnum, but are 

 white instead of 

 yellow. The seed- 

 pods, too, are like 



