FANTASIA 



3082 



FARADAY 



the top right hand corner 2, the top 

 and bottom left hand corners 3 and 

 4 respectively. Or, in place of the 

 card a corresponding oblong space 

 is chalked upon the table. Bets are 

 made upon these separate corners, 

 which are decided by the banker 

 taking a handful of beans or coun- 

 ters, and dividing them into fours ; 

 the number of odd pieces over de- 

 ciding the winning number. If there 

 is no remainder, No. 4 wins. 



An American variety is played 

 with an ordinary full pack of 

 cards, by any number of players 

 up to eight. One card is dealt to 

 each player, the remainder forming 

 the stock and being placed face 

 downwards upon the table. Each 



S'ayer contributes a fixed stake, 

 nless an ace has been dealt to 

 him, each player draws a card from 

 the stock in rotation until he ob- 

 tains an ace ; each time he fails to 

 do so, paying an ante or stake, 

 which continues until all four are 

 drawn by one or other of the 

 players. The aces are laid side by 

 side as they are turned up, and the 

 different suits are built upon them, 

 from ace to king. The player who 

 first gets rid of all his cards takes 

 the pool. See Gaming. 



Fantasia (Ital.). Musical com- 

 position in which strict form is not 

 exacted, and everything is left to 

 the " phantasy " of the composer. 

 In different centuries and coun- 

 tries, this term and similar ones 

 fancy, fantasie, rhapsody, phan- 

 tasy, etc. have denoted greatly 

 varying types of music, but all pos- 

 sessing the idea of freedom from the 

 more formal designs of their periods 

 and surroundings. These terms 

 have covered alike the naive old 

 contrapuntal string trios of Or- 

 lando Gibbons (early 17th cent.), 

 the monumental organ fantasias of 

 J. S. Bach (early 18th cent.), and 

 much worthless pianoforte music 

 of the 19th century. 



Fanti (cabbage-eaters). Negro 

 people in the Gold Coast colony, 

 W. Africa. They are allied to the 

 Ashanti (q.v.), and their number is 

 estimated at 1,000,000. They are 

 muscular, round-headed, chocolate- 

 hued, of medium stature, and live in 

 small village-communities, and on 

 the coast. Their tribal scars are 

 three lines on each side of the jaw- 

 bone. Their Tshi dialect is the 

 dominant speech round Cape Coast 

 Castle. Ceremonial cannibalism 

 formerly prevailed among them. 



Fantin-Latour, IONACE HENKI 

 JEAN THEODORE ! (1836-1904). 

 French painter. Born at Grenoble, 

 Jan. 14, 1836, son of the painter 

 Theodore Fantin-Latour^ he stud- 

 ied under Boisbaudran and at the 

 Beaux Arts. He began to exhibit 

 at the Salon in 1861, and obtained 



Fantin-Latour, 

 French painter 



Self-portrait in Uffizi 

 Gallery, Florence 



his first award in 1876. Under the 

 naturalistic influence of Manet and 

 Bastien- Lepage, he achieved a 

 striking tri- 

 umph with a 

 portrait of the 

 former; an even 

 higher achieve- 

 ment is the 

 portrait of Mr. 

 and Mrs. Edwin 

 Edwards,in the 

 National Gal- 

 lery, London. 



Simple and 

 unaffected in 

 arrangement, 

 cool and reticent in colour, this 

 picture shows an art refined 

 and exquisitely delicate with- 

 out departing from naturalistic 

 principles. Fantin was known as an 

 unsurpassed painter of flowers be- 

 fore his genius in portraiture was 

 revealed ; in the National Gallery 

 is a study of roses by him. Among 

 his other works may be cited 

 L'hommage a Delacroix (Louvre), 

 Portrait de Mme. Fantin-Labori 

 (Luxembourg), Portrait de Par- 

 tiste a 23 ans (Grenoble), and Le 

 Toast. He died at Bure, Orne, 

 Aug. 28, 1904. 



Fan-Tracery. In Perpendicu- 

 lar Gothic architecture, the rich 

 tracery of a vault created by spring- 

 ing the stone ribs from their vari- 

 ous points of support in such 

 fashion that the effect is that of a 

 spreading fan. There are finely 

 developed examples in Henry VH's 

 Chapel, Westminster Abbey, and 

 in St. Stephen's cloister at West- 

 minster Hall. See Gothic Archi- 

 tecture. 



Fan-Tracery seen in the vaulting of 



Henry VII's Chapel, Westminster 



Abbey 



Fao. Village of Mesopotamia. It 

 lies on the right bank of the Shatt 

 el Arab, about 3 m. from the Per- 

 sian Gulf, and before the Great 

 War was of some importance as a 

 cable and telegraph station of the 

 Indo-European Telegraph Co. The 

 mud fort erected by the Turks was 

 captured by the British, Nov. 7, 

 1914, at the beginning of the opera- 

 tions in Mesopotamia. The forti- 



fications were afterwards strength- 

 ened by the British, who retained 

 it as a sort of naval base through- 

 out the war. Pop. 600. 



Farad. Unit of electrical 

 capacity of an electrical conductor. 

 A capacity of one farad is that 

 which would be raised to a differ- 

 ence of pressure of one volt by a 

 charge of one coulomb. For practi- 

 cal purposes the farad is too large, 

 and a smaller unit the microfarad, 

 one millionth of a farad, is employed. 

 See Capacity ; Unit, Electrical. 



Faraday, MICHAEL (1791-1867). 

 British chemist and physicist. 

 The son of a blacksmith, he was 



born at Newington Butts, London, 

 Sept. 22, 1791. After a short 

 apprenticeship with a bookbinder, 

 he became assistant to Sir Hum- 

 phry Davy at the Royal Institution. 

 There he quickly showed remark- 

 able ability as an acute observer 

 and original experimenter. In 

 1813-15 he travelled with Sir 

 Humphry Davy in Europe ; ten 

 years later he became director of 

 the laboratory ; and in 1833 he 

 was made Fullerian professor of the 

 Institution for life. 



Faraday stands at the head of 

 scientific observers of the 19th 

 century, and his discoveries have 

 left their indelible mark on the 

 progress of mankind. To-day his 

 pointers to the paths of investi- 

 gation in electricity are still being 

 followed, and results are being 

 obtained hi accordance with his 

 brilliant predictions. Faraday's 

 earliest work under Davy was con- 

 cerned with chlorine, two new com- 

 binations of which he discovered. 

 He followed this up with the 

 liquefaction of a number of gases, 

 and the discovery of new kinds of 

 optical glass. The later discovery 

 was destined to lead to one of his 



