FARADAY'S LAW 



3083 



FARINELLI 



most important investigations in 

 electricity, that of magnetic rota- 

 tory polarisation in 1846. 



In 1831 he made the discovery of 

 magneto -electrical induction, the 

 forerunner of the modern dynamo, 

 and each succeeding year brought 

 fresh discoveries. In 1833 he 

 proved the identity of electricity 

 from different sources ; in 1834 

 came the discovery of equivalents 

 in electro-chemical decomposition ; 

 in 1838 electro-static induction, 

 followed the same year by the 

 announcement of the relation be- 

 tween electric and magnetic forces; 

 diamagnetism and the magnetic 

 condition of all matter, 1849 ; at- 

 mospheric magnetism, 1851. 



In 1835 Faraday was given a 

 pension, and in 1858 a house at 

 Hampton Court, where he died 

 Aug. 25, 1867. Deeply religious, 

 a member of the sect known as the 

 Sandemanians, Faraday rigidly 

 separated his religion from his 

 science. In the latter, he was one 

 of the most brilliant experimenters 

 ever known, and to mm must be 

 given the credit for the solid 

 foundation of electrical science as 

 it is known to-day. See laves by 

 Tyndall, 5th ed. 1894; Bence 

 Jones, 1870; J. H. Gladstone, 

 1872 ; S. P. Thompson, 1899. 



Faraday's Law. Law dis- 

 covered by Michael Faraday. In 

 an electrolytic cell the amount of 

 an ion liberated at an electrode 

 is proportional to the strength of 

 the current. An electrical current 

 may thus be measured in terms of 

 the quantity of an electrolyte 

 which it decomposes. See Current ; 

 Electricity ; Electrolysis. 



Faraday Society. Society 

 founded in 1903 in honour of 

 Michael Faraday, to promote the 

 study of electro-chemistry, electro- 

 metallurgy, and kindred subjects. 

 Among its presidents have been 

 Lord Kelvin, Sir Oliver Lodge, Sir 

 Robert Hadfield, and Sir Richard 

 Glazebrook. Offices, 10 Essex St., 

 London, W.C. 



Faradism OB FARADISATION. 

 Term for the use of an interrupted 

 current of electricity in medicine. 

 Faradism is useful in cases of 

 paralysis, gout, rheumatism, and 

 neurasthenia. See Electricity. 



Farce (Fr. from Lat. farcire, to 

 stuff). Dramatic piece of an es- 

 sentially ridiculous character to 

 which extravagant language, cari- 

 cature, and ludicrous situations 

 may all contribute. The modern 

 farce is more closely connected 

 with the ludicrous element that 

 came to be grafted on to early 

 morality plays, and in time came 

 to be given in separate perform- 

 ances. In its modern sense it is 

 denned by A. W. Ward as the 



briefer sort of comic play in which 

 a more unrestricted licence of fun 

 is allowed, and a stronger demand 

 made upon the sense of probability. 



Modern farce may be said to have 

 started with the plays of Samuel 

 Foote, in the 18th century. In 

 the 19th century the short farcical 

 play as written by Poole, Maddison 

 Morton, F. C. Burnand, and others 

 was highly popular. The word 

 originally meant an interpolation, 

 like an actor's gag, hence a 

 performance in which jests and 

 humorous incidents predominated. 



Farcy (Lat. farciminum). Dis- 

 ease affecting horses. It is a form 

 of glanders (q.v.), and as such must 

 be notified to the local authorities. 



Fareham. Market town, sea- 

 port, and urb. dist. of Hampshire, 

 England. It stands on a creek off 

 Portsmouth Harbour, 8 m. N. W. of 

 Portsmouth and 76 m. S.W. of 

 London, and is a junction on the 

 L. & S.W. Rly. The chief building 

 is S. Mary's Church, and near are 

 the ruins of Porchester Castle. 

 There is a trade in corn and coal. 

 In medieval times Fareham was a 

 prosperous port, but now it can 

 only be reached by small vessels. 

 It was also a borough, and at one 

 time sent members to Parliament. 

 Market day, Mon. Pop. 9,674. 



Farewell. Cape of Greenland, 

 at its southernmost point, in lat. 

 59 50' N. It is on a small island 

 off the coast, with an alt. of 1,000 

 ft. The ice drifting past it from 

 the N.E. towards Davis Strait, hi 

 addition to the currents, makes it 

 dangerous for navigators. 



Far from the Madding Crowd. 

 Novel by Thomas Hardy, first pub- 

 lished in 1874. One of the earliest of 

 his realistic novels of Wessex rustic 

 life, it tells of the tragic relations of 

 the woman farmer Bathsheba 

 Everdene with three men, the mid- 

 dle-aged farmer whom she inflames 

 by means of a thoughtless valentine, 

 the worthless Sergeant Troy, whom 

 she first marries, and the fine loyal 

 Gabriel Oak in whose love she 

 eventually finds repose. 



Fargo. City of N. Dakota, 

 U.S.A., the co. seat of Cass co. The 

 largest city in the state, it stands 

 on the Red River of the North at 

 the head of steamship navigation, 

 240 m. N.W. of Minneapolis, and is 

 served by the Chicago, Milwaukee 

 & St. Paul and other rlys. It con- 

 tains the state agricultural college, 

 Fargo College, other educational 

 institutions, and several parks. 

 An extensive trade in gram is 

 carried on, and machinery and 

 farming implements are largely 

 dealt in. The manufacturing in- 

 terests include flour and knitting 

 mills, foundries, and leather goods 

 factories. Settled in 1871, it was 



incorporated in 1875. A fire in 

 1893 caused damage estimated at 

 600,000. Pop. 17,875. , 



Faridkot. Sikh state of the 

 Punjab, India. In the S. of Feroze- 

 pore district, its area is 642 sq. 

 m. The ruling family belongs to 

 the Sidhu-Barar clan of the Jats. 

 The E. of the state is irrigated from 

 the Sirhind canal. Pop. 130,294; 

 42 p.c. Sikhs, 29 p.o. Hindus, 29 

 p.c. Mahomedans. 



Faridpur. District and town of 

 Bengal, India, in the Dacca divi- 

 sion. The name is derived from 

 a Mahomedan saint, Farid Shah, 

 whose shrine has been set up in 

 the town. Of the total area of the 

 district, 2,576 sq. m., more than 

 three-quarters is under cultivation. 

 Other crops are jute, the chief 

 export, and pulses. Hand weav- 

 ing is the principal industry. Pop. 

 dist., 2,121,914 ; town, 13,131. 



Faridun. Hero of Persian my- 

 thology. His story is told in the 

 Shah-Nameh of Firdusi (Eng. 

 trans. A. Rogers, 1907). Faridun 

 overcomes the dragon tyrant 

 Zuhak and occupies the throne. He 

 is said to have reigned justly for 

 500 years, and to have gone about 

 the world doing good and planting 

 cypresses and roses. 



Farina (Lat., meal). Starchy 

 preparation used for food or in the 

 industrial arts. The food-products 

 of cereal grains and pulses, and 

 starchy stems, roots, and tubers, 

 are collectively called farinaceous. 

 As a synonym for meal or flour the 

 word denotes in N. America white, 

 granular maize meal, finer than 

 hominy, used for puddings, and in 

 S. America starchy breadstuffs 

 with fibrous admixture derived 

 from cassava. 



The farina used for sizing cotton 

 textiles is principally potato starch, 

 comprising normally starch 82 '70 

 p.c., cellulose and ash '58 p.c.,and 

 water 16 72 p.c. It yields a thicker 

 paste, and owing to its sparse nitro- 

 genous matter is less liable to mil- 

 dew than any other starch. It is 

 mixed with wheat flour and china 

 clay for stiffening fabrics, and be- 

 cause of its purity is the chief source 

 of British gum or dextrin. Fossil 

 farina or rock-meal is a white 

 crumbly form of calcium carbonate. 



Farina ; A LEGEND OF COLOGNE. 

 One of George Meredith's shorter 

 stories, first published in 1857. It 

 is an extravagant medieval love 

 romance, telling how it was that 

 the famous scent, eau-de-Cologne, 

 came to be associated with the 

 name of Farina. 



Farinelli (1705-82). Professional 

 name of the Italian singer Carlo 

 Broschi. Born at Naples, Jan. 24, 

 1705, Broschi was a pupil of Por- 

 pora, in whose opera, Eumene, he 



