FAUN 



3098 



FAUST 



Fault. Diagram illustrating a fault in the earth's sur- 

 face. The relative positions of the letters A A, B B. 

 etc., show the extent of dislocation 



of commercial and 

 colonial condi- 

 tions made him 

 prominent, and he 

 was under-secre- 

 t ary for the 

 colonies in Jules 

 Ferry's ministry 

 of 1883, and min- 

 ister of marine in 

 the ministry of 

 Dupuy, 1894. He 

 was elected pre- 

 sident of the re- 

 public after Casi- 

 mir-Perier's resig 



Felix Faure, 

 French statesman 



development of overthrusts. With nation, Jan. 15, 1895, defeating 

 transcurrent faulting the move- 

 ment has been in horizontal direc- 

 tion, and there are neither up- 

 throws nor downthrows. Friction 

 is set up along the planes of all 

 faults, and results in the crushing 

 and polishing 

 of the oppos- 

 ing rock - sur- 

 faces, " slick - 

 ensides " and 

 "crush - brec- 

 cias" being 

 produced. See 

 Dip; Earth- 

 movement; 

 Tectonics. 



Faun. In 

 Roman myth- 

 ology, a minor 

 nature deity 

 identified with 

 the Greek 

 satyr. See 

 Faunus. 



Fauna. 

 Term used by 

 naturalists for 



the collective ' Faun 7 The Dancing 

 animal life of Faun, a statuette 

 any special from Pompeii 



locality Or Na P le> Museum 



period, just as flora is used for the 

 plant life. See Animal. 



Faunus (Lat. favere, to favour^. 



In Roman mythology, originally an appeared at the Opera Comique in 

 Italian nature god, whom rational- 1852, and achieved success in opera 

 istic explanations made out to be a ' 

 prehistoric king. He was the 

 patron of agriculture and of flocks 

 and herds, and had prophetic 



Brisson by 69 votes. An unsuccess- 

 ful attempt on 

 his life was 

 made, July 14, 

 1896. The 

 chief events 

 marking his 

 tenure of office 

 were the visit of 

 the tsar of Rus- 

 sia and the con- 

 clusion of the 

 Franco- Russian 



alliance, 1896, and the opening 

 stages of the Dreyfus affair, at a 

 critical point in which Faure died 

 suddenly, Feb. 16, 1899. 



Faur6, GABRIEL (1845-1924). 

 French music composer. Born at 

 Pamiers, Ariege, May 13, 1845, he 

 studied in Paris and became or- 

 ganist, first of S. Sulpice, and then 

 of La Madeleine, 1896. Director 

 of the Conservatoire Nationale, 

 1909-20, he was elected to the 

 Academy of Fine Arts in 1913. 

 Among his works are orchestral 

 poems and suites, a symphony, and 

 a berceuse for solo violin. He die^ 

 Nov 4, 1924. 



Faure, JEAN BAPTISTE (1830-' 

 1914). French singer. Born at 

 Moulins, Jan. 15, 1830, he excelled 

 in singing as a boy. After studying 

 at the Conservatoire in Paris, he 



in Paris, London, Vienna, and 

 Brussels. He died Nov. 10, 1914. 

 Faust. German scholar of the 

 16th century whose name has be- 



powers. As the god of flocks, he come the centre of a great body of 



was known as Lupercus, and the legend and poetry in European 



Lupercalia (Feb. 15) was celebrated 



in his honour. The Faunalia 



(Dec. 5) was rather a local festival. 

 In art he is represented as a 



literatures. There is good histori- 

 cal evidence for the existence of a 

 real doctor of this name who, 

 during the first half of the 15th 



bearded man, with goatskin cape, century, practised magical arts, 



and bearing a club and a horn. 



Faure, FRANCOIS FELIX (1841- 

 99). French statesman. Born in 

 Paris, Jan. 30, 1841, he made a 

 fortune as a shipowner in Havre. 

 He fought as a volunteer officer in 

 the war of 1870-71, and entered 



and gained wide notoriety as a 

 clever charlatan in various parts 

 of Germany, especially, it is be- 

 lieved, at Cracow. The numerous 

 stories popularly attached to his 

 name were collected anonymously 

 and published by Johann Spiess 



the chamber as republican deputy at Frankfort in 1587 as The His- 

 for Havre in 1881. His knowledge tory of Dr. Johann Faust, a book 



which went through many editions, 

 translations, and adaptations. In 

 this work the essentials of the 

 story are given as follows : 



Faust, weary of the pursuit of 

 learning and worldly pleasures 

 alike, has taken up the study of 

 magic and necromancy. He con- 

 jures the devil, who engages to 

 serve him in all he may desire for 

 a period of 24 years, after which 

 he passes into the devil's power. 

 The devil accordingly procures for 

 Faust all sorts of pleasures and 

 supernatural aids to his study of 

 sorcery, alchemy, and philosophy. 

 Faust has occasional fits of repent- 

 ance, which pass as his servant 

 provides fresh delights ; among 

 his lovers is Helen of Troy, a 

 familiar medieval incarnation of 

 pagan delights. When the ap- 

 pointed time expires, Faust dies in 

 an agony of fear, and falls irrevo- 

 cably into the devil's hands. 



The Tragicall History of Dr. 

 Faustus, the drama by Chris- 

 topher Marlowe, published in 1604, 

 is the first appearance of the 

 story in serious literary form in 

 England. It was derived from an 

 English version of the Spiess pub- 

 lication, published probably about 

 1590. Faust is depicted as a young 

 man, enjoying to the full his ill- 

 gotten pleasures; and the devil, 

 Mephistopheles,is a genuinely tragic 

 figure, fallen from heaven and tor- 

 tured by regret for his lost state. 

 Helen of Troy is conjured up near 

 the end of the tragedy, symbolising, 

 as some hold, the return of ancient 

 beauty in the Renaissance to chal- 

 lenge medieval doctrines. 

 Goethe's Faust 



The Faust of Goethe, the great- 

 est version of all, is a long verse 

 drama in two parts. First begun 

 in 1773, Goethe did not complete 

 working on it until 1832, a few 

 days before his death, but parts 

 were published in 1790 and 1808. 

 The story is developed on widely 

 different lines from the early Faus't 

 books. Faust, inspired by a fierce 

 desire for knowledge and for 

 pleasure, and convinced of the un- 

 reality and uselessness of his life, 

 sells himself to Mephistopheles. 

 He seduces and deserts the beauti- 

 ful Marguerite, who in despair kills 

 her child and is thrown hi to prison. 

 Faust visits her, and tries in vain 

 to persuade her to flee with him, 

 but she dies in his arms. A voice 

 from Heaven declares that peni- 

 tence has saved the soul which he 

 had imperilled. This is the central 

 episode in the story, but the Pro- 

 logue hi Heaven describes how the 

 temptation of Faust is undertaken 

 by Mephistopheles as a wager with 

 Go,d, who believes that Faust can 

 withstand his seductions. 



