3101 



F.E. 



But the meeting was adjourned till 

 Oct., and finally till Nov. 5. The 

 conspirators procured an adjoining 

 house which gave them access to the 

 chambers under the Parliament 

 House, where gunpowder was 

 stored, while the actual execution of 

 the plot was entrusted to Fawkes. 



But at the critical moment a 

 hint was conveyed by one of the 

 conspirators, Francis Tresham, to 

 Lord Monteagle, warning him to 

 absent himself from the ceremony, 

 since " this Parliament shall receive 

 a terrible blow, and shall not know 

 who hurts them." The meaning 

 of the hint was unexpectedly eluci- 

 dated ; on the night of Nov. 4 

 Fawkes was found at his post, and 

 was seized after a desperate resis- 

 tance. The rest of the conspirators 

 fled, but were hunted down and 

 captured or slain. A full con- 

 fession was extorted under torture 

 from Fawkes, who, with the sur- 

 viving conspirators, was executed, 

 Jan. 31, 1606. 



The share taken in the affair by 

 the Jesuits is a matter of dispute, 

 but two of them, Gerard and Gar- 

 net, the head of the order in Eng- 

 land, certainly knew of the plot, 

 though the latter is said to have re- 

 ceived his information only under 

 the seal of confession. The effect 

 of the plot was to establish in the 

 minds of the English people an un- 

 reasoning and persistent fear and 

 hatred of the Roman Catholics ; 

 though none but a few desperate 

 fanatics had been in any way con- 

 cerned. See Gunpowder Plot. 



Fayal OR FATAL. Island of the 

 Azores, belonging to Portugal. It 

 lies W. of Pico. Almost wholly 

 mountainous (highest point 3,300 

 ft. ), it is fertile, cereals, fruit, and 

 vegetables being cultivated. The 

 fig tree nourishes, and from its pith 

 carvings are made ; lace is made 

 from the agave. Basket-making 

 is carried on, but the so-called 

 Fayal wine was made in the neigh- 

 bouring island of Pico. The capital 

 and chief port is Horta, with a 

 wireless station. Area, 65 sq. m. 

 Pop. 22,385. 



Faye, HERVE ATJGTJSTE ETIENNE 

 (1814-1902). French astronomer. 

 Born at St. Benoit-du-Sault, Indre, 

 Oct. 5, 1814, he was made professor 

 of astronomy at Nancy in 1854. In 

 1873 he was appointed professor 

 of astronomy and geodesy at the 

 Ecole Polytechnique in Paris. He 

 discovered the comet named after 

 him, Nov. 22, 1843. It has a period 

 of 7i years, and pursues the most 

 nearly circular path of any known 

 object of the kind. His name was 

 associated with the cyclonic theory 

 of sunspots, with the nature of, and 

 velocities in, prominences. He died 

 in Paris, July 4, 1902. 



Emile Fayolle, 

 French soldier 



Fayolle, MARIE EMILE (b. 1852). 

 French soldier. Born at Le Puy, 

 Loire, May 14, 1852. he entered the 

 French army as a lieutenant of 

 artillery in 1877, and saw active 

 service in Tu- 

 nisia. He was 

 later a pro- 

 fessor in the 

 fi c o 1 e Supe- 

 rieure de 

 Guerre, be- 

 came colonel 

 1907, and 

 general 1910. 

 At the out- 

 fa re a k of the 

 Great War he was in command of 

 the 139th brigade, and then, after 

 leading a division, commanded the 

 33rd army corps. Succeeding Cas- 

 telnau, he led the French Sixth and 

 First Armies in the battle of the 

 Somme, 1916. In 1917 he com- 

 manded the Army of the Centre, 

 which took part in the Aisne bat- 

 tles. In Oct., 1917, he was in Italy 

 as commander - in - chief of the 

 French forces. In 1918 he returned 

 to France and was placed at the 

 head of the reserve army. For a 

 time, in 1919, he commanded the 

 French Army of 

 Occupation in Ger- 

 many. In 1920 he 

 was appointed 

 French military 

 representative on 

 the permanent 

 armaments com- 

 mission of the 

 League of Nations. 

 Fay um( Coptic, 

 lakeland) Prov. 

 of Upper Egypt. 

 It . contains the 

 districts of Etsa, 

 Fayum, and Sen- 

 nures. The district 

 of Fayum consists 

 of a nearly circu- 

 lar basin, well irrigated and fertile, 

 sunk below the level of the sur- 

 rounding desert. In it are Lake 

 Moeris and the town of Medinet- 

 el-Fayum. The chief products are 

 rice, cotton, flax, hemp, figs, olives, 

 and oranges. The prov., which is 

 watered by the Bahr Yusuf, an 

 old Nile branch, abounds in an- 

 cient remains, its sites having been 

 dug by Flinders Petrie mainly be- 

 tween 1888-90. The area of the 

 prov. is 669 sq. m. Pop. 507,617. 

 Its overflow was embanked by 

 Amenemhat III, who built a funer- 

 ary temple, known in ancient times 

 as the Labyrinth, two colossal 

 statues on limestone pedestals, and 

 the Hawara pyramid. Adjacent 

 Roman torn bs have furnished many 

 mummy-portraits. Senwosri II 

 erected the Illahun pyramid. At 

 Gurob precious papyri were re- 



covered from mummy -wrappings ; 

 other papyrus collections have 

 come from Arsinoe and elsewhere. 



Fazakerley. Suburb of Liver- 

 pool. It has a station on the L. & Y. 

 Rly. and is also connected with the 

 centre of the city by tramways. 



Fazogli OR FAZOKL. Region of 

 the Anglo -Egyptian Sudan. It is 

 intersected by the Blue Nile and 

 borders Abyssinia on the S. and E. 

 The inhabitants are negroes, but 

 there are Arab settlements. The 

 chief town is Famaka. Gold, 

 ivory, gum, and fruits are ex- 

 ported, and tobacco and durra are 

 produced. Pop. (est.) 500,000. 



F.B.A. Abbrev. for Fellow of 

 the British Academy (q.v.), an im- 

 portant learned society. 



F.B.A. Name of a two-seater 

 flying boat manufactured by the 

 Franco-British Aircraft Co., fitted 

 with a 100-h.p. Gnome engine. It 

 was 45 ft. in breadth and 28 ft. in 

 length, and was used during the 

 Great War for patrol work and 

 submarine spotting. 



F Boat. Name given to a class 

 of flying boats developed by the 

 Felixstowe experimental seaplane 

 station of the R.N.A.S. later 



F Boat. The Felixstowe Fury triplane flying boat, a 

 development of the earlier F boats. See page 3107 



R.A.F. The types F 2, F 2A, F 3, 

 and F 5 were built in considerable 

 numbers by various contractors, 

 and were extensively employed in 

 the Great War for anti-submarine 

 patrols. These four types were all 

 biplane flying boats of large size, 

 fitted with two Rolls-Royce en- 

 gines from 250 to 375 h.p., carry- 

 ing generally a crew of five, a for- 

 midable machine - gun armament, 

 and a large load of bombs. See 

 Felixstowe Fury. 



F.E. Name of a type of British 

 aeroplane built at the Royal Air- 

 craft Factory, Farnborough, later 

 known as the Royal Aircraft 

 Establishment. The letters origin- 

 ally indicated Farman Experimen- 

 tal. It was a pusher biplane, and 

 was named after Henry Farman, 

 who was credited with having 

 originated the pusher type. 



