FEEDING STUFFS 



3105 



FEHMGERICHT 



battery ; a negative feeder is con- 

 nected to the negative terminal. A 

 neutral feeder is a common con- 

 ductor which completes two separ- 

 ate circuits from a pair of dyna- 

 mos coupled in series. See Cir- 

 cuit ; Dynamo. 



Feeding Stuffs. Food for cattle, 

 which may be roughly divided into 

 five classes : (1) Oil seeds such as 

 cotton cake, linseed cake, rape, 

 palm-nut, coconut and earthnut 

 cakes ; (2) leguminous crops, such 

 as peas, beans, lentils, malt, dried 

 grains, etc. ; (3) cereals, including 

 wheat, barley, oats, maize or In- 

 dian corn, rice ; (4) grass and hay ; 

 (5) root crops, such as swedes and 

 mangolds, potatoes, carrots, kohl- 

 rabi, etc. 



The oil cakes so largely used as 

 winter feed for cattle are valuable, 

 not only for the oil which they con- 

 tain, but also for their albuminous 

 matter. Linseed cake contains 

 from 9 p.c. to 13 p.c. of oil, and 26 

 p.c. to 30 p.c. of albuminoids. De- 

 corticated cotton cake may con- 

 tain 40 p.c. to 45 p.c. of albumin- 

 oids. Besides oil and albuminoids, 

 a good sample of linseed cake holds 

 valuable carbohydrates as well as 

 a certain amount of mineral mat- 

 ter not without value. The value of 

 oil cakes does not depend upon 

 the amount of oil which they con- 

 tain. Samples of linseed cake and 

 of rice meal may each contain 13 

 p.c. of oil, yet while the linseed oil 

 is highly esteemed, that in the rice 

 meal is considered of very slight 

 value. Beans and peas are among 

 the most valuable of feeding stuffs, 

 the reason being that they contain 

 from 50 p.c. to 55 p.c. of starchy 

 bodies as well as from 20 p.c. to 

 24 p.c. of albuminoids. 



Of the cereals, maize contains 

 as much as 70 p.c. of starch ; 

 rice, at the other end of the scale, 

 containing 50 p.c. Grass, clover, 

 cabbage, tares, etc., are valuable 

 principally for their succulent 



Sualities. With these may be in- 

 uded brewers' grains, so largely 

 given to cows in milk. The bulky 

 dry foods, such as hay and straw, 

 are valuable chiefly for their fibre, 

 while the root crops are useful on 

 account of their sugar and their 

 easily digested carbohydrates. 

 Sugar has a rapidly fattening effect 

 upon stock, and of late years a large 

 amount of molasses, from both 

 cane and beet, has been used in 

 the manufacture of artificial feed- 

 ing stuffs. 



The Fertilisers and Feeding 

 Stuffs Act passed in 1906 was de- 

 signed to protect the farmer against 

 frauds in connexion with the sale of 

 these articles. The seller of any 

 artificially prepared article of food 

 for cattle or poultry is bound to 



give the purchaser an invoice stat- 

 ing the substances or seeds from 

 which it has been prepared, and 

 the percentages (if any) of oil or 

 albuminoids contained in it. See 

 Agriculture ; Cattle ; Farm. 



Feeler. Name given to the 

 antennae or other similar organs 

 of insects. The word is also used 

 for a lever on a loom, and for the 

 jaws of a measuring instrument. 

 See Antennae. 



Feeling. Act of perceiving by 

 one of the five senses, more particu- 

 larly the sense of touch and the 

 sensations produced by it. Feel- 

 ings again have been divided into 

 skin sensations, which are referred 

 to external things, and organic 

 sensations, which are referred to 

 ourselves, and are accompanied 

 by an element of pleasure or pain. 

 Among organic sensations are hun- 

 ger, thirst, disgust, cheerfulness, 

 depression. Psychologically, feel- 

 ing is distinct from sensation. Sen- 

 sation is always preceded by an or- 

 ganic impression ; not so feeling, 

 which only manifests itself in the 

 body by virtue of the natural reac- 

 tion of the mind on certain organs. 

 Various classes of f eelings are sug- 

 gested : sensual and intellectual, 

 material and formal. Some psy- 

 chologists admit only two qualita- 

 tive differences of f eeling pleasure 

 and displeasure ; others six plea- 

 sure, displeasure, tension, relaxa- 

 tion, elevation, depression. 



Fee Simple (Lat. feodum sim- 

 plex). Highest estate known to 

 English law. A tenant in fee simple 

 is what is popularly styled a free- 

 holder. Though in theory the 

 sovereign is the lord paramount, 

 the freeholder can grant his land 

 away or devise it to whomsoever 

 he likes by will. An estate in fee 

 simple must be granted by deed 

 and a peculiar form of words, ex- 

 cept in a will where words are more 

 widely construed than in deeds. 

 See Land Laws. 



Fee Tail (Lat. feodum talliatum, 

 limited). Form of freehold estate 

 set up originally by the Statute De 

 Donis, 1285, by which a grant to 

 X and the heirs of his body gave 

 X an estate tail. This estate would 

 last only as long as X has heirs of 

 his body, and would then revert to 

 the grantor. This led to Fines and 

 Recoveries, tortuous legal fictions 

 by which the estate became fee 

 simple. In 1833 a new Act was 

 passed by which, by a deed enrolled, 

 X could convert his holding into a 

 fee simple. The holder of a fee tail 

 cannot dispose of it by will. 



Fehling's Solution. Alkaline 

 solution of copper used for the de- 

 tection of sugars. Solution No. 1 is 

 prepared by dissolving 34' 65 grams 

 of pure copper sulphate in distilled 



water and diluting to 500 c.c. Solu- 

 tion No. 2 is made by dissolving 50 

 grams of sodium hydroxide con- 

 taining not less than 97 p.c. of the 

 salt, and 175 grams of recrystal- 

 lised Rochelle salt in about 400 c.c. 

 of water, and afterwards diluting to 

 500 c.c. When required for use 

 equal volumes are mixed together. 



Fehmarn OR FEMARN. Island in 

 the Baltic Sea, belonging to Ger- 

 many. Area, 70 sq. m. It lies 

 off. the E. coast of Holstein, 

 from which it is separated by the 

 narrow Sound of Fehmarn and 

 from the island of Laaland on 

 the N. by the Fehmarn Belt. The 

 surface is level and the soil fairly 

 fertile. Its few harbours can only 

 accommodate vessels of shallow 

 draught. Agriculture, fishing, and 

 the rearing of cattle and sheep are 

 the main occupations. The only 

 manufacture of importance is hosi- 

 ery. The capital is Burg. Prussia 

 annexed the island in 1866 as a 

 result of her victories over Den- 

 mark and Austria. Pop. 10,000. 



Fehmarn Belt. Channel be- 

 tween the islands of Fehmarn and 

 Laaland, Denmark. It has a width 

 of about 12 m., and leads from 

 the Baltic to Kiel Bay. Fehmarn 

 Sound is a narrow passage be- 

 tween the island of Fehmarn and 

 the mainland. 



Fehmgericht OR VEMGERTCHT 

 (Ger. Fthm, a criminal court ; Ger- 

 icht, judgement). Medieval Ger- 

 man tribunal. Known sometimes 

 as the Holy Vehme, it exercised 

 power, especially in Westphalia, in 

 the 14th and 15th centuries, and is 

 believed to have been a survival 

 from the jurisdictions of the Saxons. 

 The courts were open for trial of 

 civil matters, but might be secret 

 in special cases. It has been esti- 

 mated that, in the 14th century, 

 the members (Schoffen or Frei- 

 schoffen], bound by an all-embrac- 

 ing oath of fidelity, numbered 

 about 100,000. 



The government of the tribunal 

 was vested in a chapter presided 

 over by the emperor or his deputy, 

 calledtheOberstuhlherr, before whom 

 all members were liable to account 

 for their acts. It had affinity with 

 the process of summary jurisdiction 

 in Anglo-Saxon England, those 

 found guilty of capital offences 

 being hanged, a dagger bearing the 

 secret letters S.S.G.G. being placed 

 on the corpse. As civilization pro- 

 gressed its power waned, to some 

 extent through abuse. The Fehm- 

 gericht existed in attenuated form 

 down to the middle of the 18th 

 century, and was finally suppressed 

 by Jerome Bonaparte in 1811. See 

 Introduction, Anne of Geierstein, 

 W. Scott, 1831 ; On the Rise and 

 Progress of the English Common- 

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