FENDER 



3113 



FENIANISM 



Fender. Article of domestic 

 furniture. It is used as a guard 

 against the falling of hot cinders 

 from the fire into the room. It is 

 generally made of a flat oblong of 

 japanned metal, with a raised edge 

 of brass or steel along the outer side 

 and the two ends. Its use followed 

 upon the introduction of grates 

 raised from the floor, and it super- 

 seded the old shallow kerb which 

 enclosed the open stone hearth. 



Fender. Nautical term for a 

 bundle of sticks, rope or wood 

 dropped over a vessel's side to pre- 

 vent her from rubbing against 

 another vessel or the wall of a quay. 

 Hence the expression to fend off, 

 i.e. to keep away, to protect. A 

 " pudding fender " is a large ball 

 of old rope used as a fender. 



Fender. Left, rope fender in net ; 



right, fender of hazel wood bound 



with wire 



t'ribb, Southsea 



Fenelon, FRANCOIS DE SALIONAC 

 DE LA MOTHE (1651-1715). French 

 ecclesiastic, author and academi- 

 cian. He was born near Sarlat, 

 Aug. 6, 1651. Ordained priest in 

 1675, he was director of the con- 

 vent of the Nouvelles Catholiques, 

 and missionary to the Protestants 

 in the disturbed provinces of 

 Poitou and Saintonges, the fascina- 

 tion of his personality being a great 

 factor in his success. In 1689 he 

 was appointed preceptor to Louis 

 XIVs grandson, the duke of Bur- 

 gundy, and in 1695 was made arch- 

 bishop of Cambrai. Soon after this 

 his interest in Quietism and defence 

 of its leader, Mme. Guyon, brought 

 him into collision with his old 

 friend Bossuet, who, after a bitter 

 controversy, obtained the con- 

 demnation by Rome (1699) of his 

 offending volume Explication des 

 Maximes des Saints sur la Vie In 

 terieure. He died Jan. 7, 1715. 



Fenelon was a man of great ver- 

 satility and his writings cover a 

 wide range. The best known is the 

 didactic romance, Les Aventures de 

 Telemaque, 1699, which, like his 

 Fables and his Dialogues des Morts. 



Fender. Examples in domestic use. 1 to 4, the modern kerb form: 1, of cast 



steel; 2, of polished brass, pierced] and beaded; 3, brass, fitted with seats ; 



4, copper, antique style. 5, Steel and brass fenders of the 18th century 



14, by eourlety of Waring & Billow, Ltd.; 5. of Gill & Reigate, Ltd. 



was designed to instruct his royal 

 pupil in the conduct of life and the 

 responsibilities of absolute govern- 

 ment. His Education des Filles, 

 1687, has also a place in the peda- 

 gogical literature of the time. See 

 Lives, Viscount Saint-Gyres, 1901 ; 

 and P. E. R. Janet, Eng. trans. V. 

 Leuliette, 1914. 



Feng-huang- cheng. Town of 

 Manchuria, China, in the prov. of 

 Fengtien, on the Mukden-Antung 

 Rly. It was opened to international 

 trade by agreement between China 

 and Japan, 1905. Pop. 25,000. 



Feng-siang. Town of China, in 

 the prov. of Shensi. It is perched 

 on a high loess terrace on the main 

 road from Peking to Lanchow. 



Fengtien OB SHENG-KING. De- 

 pendency of the Chinese Republic. 



After Vivien, Louvre, Paris 



It is the most southerly of the three 

 provs. of Manchuria, lying between 

 Pe -chili on the W. and Korea on 

 the E. In the S. the Liau-tung 

 Peninsula projects between the 

 Gulf of Liau-tung and Korea Bay. 

 At its S. extremity is Port Arthur, 

 leased to Japan for 99 years 

 from 1915. The capital is Mukden, 

 other towns of importance being 

 Fu - chau, Kinchau, and New- 

 chwang. Area, 56,000 sq. m. 

 Pop. 10,312,241. 



Feng-yang. City of China, in 

 the prov. of Anhui (Nganhui). It 

 was the birthplace of the Mings, but 

 the first emperor transferred his 

 capital to Nanking. 



Fen-ho. River of China, in the 

 prov. of Shansi. It is a tributary 

 of the Yellow River. 



Fenian ism. Name given to the 

 revolutionary movement springing 

 from the Fenian brotherhood. Its 

 real name was the Irish Revolu- 

 tionary Brotherhood. One of the 

 organizers, O'Mahoney, gave it the 

 name of the Fenian Society, and 

 by that name it became known. 



The name was derived from the 

 semi - legendary warrior bands 

 (Fianna) of early Irish history. 

 The society was really a political 

 association of Irish and Irish- 

 Americans whose object was to 

 overthrow British government in 

 Ireland and establish a republic 

 there. There was an American 

 branch and an Irish branch. It 

 has been said that the movement 

 began in America, but really the 

 plans for both branches were drawn 

 up in Paris by a small band of 

 Irish revolutionaries in 1848. 



