FENTON 



31 15 



FERDINAND I 



Fenton, LAVINIA (1708-60). 

 English actress. She made her first 

 appearance in 1726 as Monimia in 

 Otway's The 

 Orphan. Her 

 beauty, voice, 

 and charm 

 soon made her 

 a reigning 

 toast, and her 

 success as 

 Polly Peachum 

 in Gay's Beg- 

 gar's Opera 

 (Jan. 29, 1728) 





Lavinia Fenton, 

 English actress 



Ajle 



aarth 



at Lincoln's 

 Inn Fields was 

 such that the opera was played 62 

 times during the season, and in it 

 the actress made her last appear- 

 ance on the boards. The 3rd duke 

 of Bolton married her in 1751. She 

 died on Jan. 24, 1760. 



Fents (Fr. fente, slit). Rem- 

 nants of cloth from one yard to a 

 few yards in length. They are too 

 short for sale in a regular way, and 

 are generally sold by weight. 



Fenugreek (Triqonella foenum 

 Graecum). Annual herb of the 

 natural order Leguminosae. It is a 

 native of S. Europe. The leaves are 

 divided into toothed oval leaflets, 

 flowers pea-like, white, on un- 

 branched stems 1 ft. to 2 ft. high. 

 The plant, whose name means 

 Greek hay, has the odour of new- 

 mown hay, into which it was made 

 by the ancients. The seeds are used 

 in veterinary medicine. 



Fen wick, "CHARLES (1850-1918). 

 British politician. Born at Cram- 

 lington, Northumberland, May 5, 

 1850, he worked on the pit- bank 

 , 1 at the age of 

 ijljjt I nine, and on 



I his tenth birth - 

 day became an 

 underground 

 labourer. H e 

 was employed 

 as a miner 

 until 1885. 

 Having edu- 

 cated himself 

 in his spare 

 time, he held 

 Northumber- 



Charles Fenwick, 

 British politician 



Barratl 



offices under the 



land miners' association. He was 

 elected to Parliament as Liberal- 

 Labour candidate for the Wans- 

 beck division in 1885. He was 

 the first Labour M.P. to preside 

 over the House of Commons in 

 committee. He was secretary of 

 the parliamentary committee of 

 the Trade Union Congress, 1890- 

 94, and was made a privy coun- 

 cillor in 1911. He represented the 

 Wansbeck division until his death 

 on April 22, 1918. 



Fenwick, SIR JOHN (c. 1645-97). 

 English conspirator. Of an old 

 Northumberland family, he early 



Sir John Fenwick, 

 English conspirator 



From an engraving 



entered the 

 army. Be- 

 coming major- 

 general in 

 1688, he sat 

 in Parliament 

 for his native 

 county,North- 

 umberlan d, 

 from 1677-85. 

 Against Wil- 

 liam III Fen- 

 wick is said to 

 have had an old personal grudge, 

 perhaps reciprocated, andin!696 he 

 was arrested in connexion with an 

 assassination plot. In his confes- 

 sion he cast aspersions on many 

 prominent Whigs. He was at- 

 tainted and beheaded on Tower 

 Hill, Jan. 28, 1697. 



Fepdor (1557-98). Tsar of 

 Russia. The son of Ivan the 

 Terrible, he was born May 11, 1557, 

 and came to the throne in 1584. 

 Mentally deficient, he was never 

 capable of ruling, and was under 



1 

 $ 



"N> ' 





Fenugreek. 1. Flower. 2. The entire 

 plant. 3. Flower and leaf 



the direct influence of his brother- 

 in-law, Boris Godunov, who, upon 

 Feodor's death, Jan. 7, 1598, 

 ascended the throne. 



Feoffment. In England, the 

 Common Law method of trans- 

 ferring a fee, or freehold. It was a 

 symbolical placing of the trans- 

 feree in possession of the estate by 

 delivering it to him. If it were a 

 house, the transferor might hand 

 him the key of the front door. If 

 it were land he would hand him, on 

 the land itself, a sod, or a twig, 

 saying, " I liver this to thee in the 

 name of seisin of Whitacre, which 

 is bounded by" (here he would 

 name the boundaries of the estate), 

 " to have and to hold to thee and 

 thy heirs," or for life, or as the 

 case might be. 



After a while it became custom- 

 ary to set out the boundaries, etc., 

 in a deed on parchment, sealed 

 with the seal of the parties, and 

 then the feoffment was somewhat 

 in this form, " I liver this (sod, 

 twig, etc. ) to thee in the name of 

 all the lands set out in this my 



deed," at the same time handing 

 over the deed. The deed was called 

 a charter of feoffment. The Statute 

 of Frauds (Charles II) made some 

 writing necessary on the sale of 

 land ; but livery of seisin or feoff- 

 ment was still necessary as well. 

 To evade the necessity for feoff- 

 ment the device was introduced of 

 employing two deeds, (1) a lease 

 to the transferee, and (2) a release 

 to him of the reversion. Neither 

 lease nor release required feoffment. 

 By the Real Property Act, 1845, 

 conveyances of freeholds are made 

 lawful by deed of grant, which is 

 the method in force to-day. 



Ferdinand. Masculine Chris- 

 tian name. It comes from Teutonic 

 words meaning a life of daring. 

 Popular in Germany, it never be- 

 came so in England. It was 

 carried, however, into Italy and 

 Spain, where many kings and other 

 rulers bore it. The Spanish form is 

 Fernando or Hernando, and the 

 Italian Ferdinando. 



Ferdinand I (1503-64). Ger- 

 man king and Roman emperor. 

 Born March 10, 1503, he was the 

 younger son of _ ,,.,_. _ ; .._ ,._, 

 the archduke 

 Philip and of 

 Joanna of Cas- 

 tile. He was 

 thus a Haps- 

 burg, a grand- 

 son of the 

 emperor Maxi- 

 milian and a 

 brother of 

 Charles V. His 

 early years 

 were passed in Spain, but after 

 Charles was chosen emperor in 1519 

 he was given extensive territories in 

 Germany and helped his brother in 

 the work of government. In 1521 

 he married Anna, daughter of the 

 Icing of Hungary and Bohemia, and 

 when her childless brother Louis 

 was killed in 1526 he put himself 

 forward as his successor. In both 

 lands he was chosen and crowned ; 

 in Bohemia he had some semblance 

 of authority, but in Hungary he 

 had for long little more than the 

 name of king. 



It is from Ferdinand, not from 

 Charles, that the modern Haps- 

 burgs are descended. The brothers 

 agreed that on the elder's death 

 Ferdinand should succeed him in 

 Germany, leaving to Charles's son 

 Philip only Spain and its colonies. 

 Ferdinand, therefore, was chosen 

 German king in 1531, and when 

 Charles abdicated in 1559 the ar- 

 rangement was carried out. In the 

 intervening years Ferdinand was 

 fighting for Hungary and dealing 

 as best he could with the religious 

 disorders in Germany and Bohemia. 

 He was useful to Charles after the 



