FILTER PUMP 



3 1 48 



FINCK 



by others, and the press closed 

 up again for a further operation. 

 Not all substances, however, will 

 form a firm cake hi the press, 

 and sometimes the solid material 

 must be removed in the form of 

 sludge. A remarkable degree of 

 purity may be obtained in the 

 effluent by the use of this apparatus. 

 In older types of filter press the 

 separate cake plate was not used, 

 and the space for the cake was 

 provided by recessing the centre of 

 the filter plate on each side. There 

 were thus fewer joints, but the 

 more modern arrangement has 

 decided advantages, though it is 

 rather more costly to construct. 



It should be noted that some- 

 times it is the filtered liquor which 

 is the chief object of the process, 

 but in others it is the " cake." 

 Thus in sugar manufacture and 

 refining it is the liquor ; in the 

 manufacture of yeast and paints 

 and colours it is the cake. 



Filter Pump. Term given to 

 the pump used to operate a filter 

 press. The pump is of any good 

 ordinary design, but must be con- 

 structed to work against a high 

 pressure, as the filter press cakes 

 formed in the appliance, when 

 they become compacted, offer 



great resistance to the passage of a 

 quid through them. This resist- 

 ance may represent as much as 

 100 Ib. to the square inch or more. 

 Fin (Lat. penna, wing, fin). Ex- 

 pansion of the skin or body wall in 

 aquatic animals, by means of which 

 they swim. In the fishes they are 

 of two distinct kinds, paired and 

 unpaired. The former correspond 

 to the limbs in the higher animals, 

 and are connected with bones ; the 

 latter, which consist usually of 

 dorsal, anal, and caudal fins, are 

 simply folds of skin more or less 

 supported by fin-rays 



Fin. In aeronautics, any fixed 

 subsidiary plane or surface set 

 vertically to the rear part of the 

 fuselage of an aircraft. The fin is 

 generally mounted in front of the 

 rudder, and its purpose is to in- 

 crease the stability of the machine. 

 A cooling rib of metal formed on 

 the cylinder of an engine is also 

 termed a fin. Its purpose is to 

 facilitate the radiation of heat 

 from the engine and prevent over- 

 heating. A fin post is the strut or 

 post to which the stabilising fin of 

 an aeroplane is fixed. See Aero- 

 plane. 



Finale (Ital., end). Closing 

 movement of a composition of ex- 

 tended character, such as a sonata, 

 symphony, or concerto ; or the last 

 portion of one of the acts of an 

 opera, in which as a rule a large 

 "orce of the performers assembles 

 on the stage. The operatic finale 



often consists of several distinct 

 movements, but all leading up to 

 the final ensemble. As the coda is 

 the concluding section of a single 

 movement, so the finale winds up 

 a complete work consisting of 

 several movements. During the 

 past two centuries the coda and 

 finale, from being mere perfunc- 

 tory endings of little significance, 

 have become an important sum- 

 ming up and climax. 



Finance (late Lat. finare, to pay 

 a fine). Word used for money 

 matters in general, but especially 

 for those of a country, town, or 

 other corporate body. A financier 

 is one who is concerned with 

 money matters, but refers rather 

 to bankers and business men than 

 to the civil servants who manage 

 a country's finances. The finances 

 of each country are part of its 

 system of government and are 

 dealt with as such. See Consols ; 

 National Debt ; National Finance. 

 Finance Act. Name given to 

 the annual Act of Parliament that 

 legalises the proposals contained 

 in the Budget. The taxes made for 

 the coming year were embodied in 

 a Customs and Inland Revenue 

 Bill until 1894, in which year the 

 scope of the bill was enlarged and 

 its title changed to Finance Bill. 

 In 1899 provisions relating to the 

 National Debt were included there- 

 in. See Budget. 



Financial News, THE. London 

 daily newspaper. Started by H. H. 

 Marks, Jan. 23, 1884, as The 

 Financial and Mining News, it was 

 at first issued only on five days of 

 the week. It initiated the publi- 

 cation in London of daily cables 

 from the New York stock market. 

 Financial Times, THE. London 

 daily newspaper. It was founded 

 in 1888 by G. D. Macrae and F. M. 

 Bridgewater. From the same office 

 are issued an Investor's Guide, Oil 

 Handbook, and Mining Handbook. 

 Financier and Bullionist, THE. 

 London daily newspaper. It was 

 incorporated with The Financial 

 Times in 1924. Its then title dated 

 from 1900, when The Financier, 

 begun in 1870, was amalgamated 

 with The Daily Bullionist, a paper 

 begun in 1806 as The Bullionist 

 and renamed The Daily Bullionist 

 in 1899 



Finch (Lat. Fringilla). Name 

 applied to a large family of small 

 birds, distributed over most of the 

 temperate zone, except Australasia. 

 They are characterised by hard 

 conical beaks with smooth edges, 

 and have nine primary wing feathers 

 and twelve feathers in the tail. 

 The nostrils are close together, and 

 there are a few short bristles around 

 the mouth. In all the species the 

 sexes are differently coloured or 



marked. Finches are in the main 

 seed -eaters ; they are apt to be 

 found in small companies, and they 

 frequent both woods and open 

 country. Among the commoner 

 finches in Great Britain are haw- 

 finch, greenfinch, chaffinch, bram- 

 bling, goldfinch, siskin, linnet, and 

 house sparrow. See illus. p. 1334. 

 Finchley. Residential district 

 and parish of Greater London. 

 Lying E. of Hendon, N. of Golder's 

 Green, Hampstead and Highgate, 

 and S. of Whetstone and Barnet, it 

 is approached from St. John's 

 Wood by the Fjnahley Road, from 

 Highgate by the Great North Road, 



Finchley. The parish church of S. 

 Mary, restored in 1872 



has stations on the G.N.R., and 

 electric tram and motor-' bus ser- 

 vices. It comprises N. Finchley, E. 

 Finchley, and Church End. Near 

 the Perpendicular parish church of 

 S. Mary, restored in 1872, is Christ 

 College, founded 1857. About 90 

 acres of what was Finchley Com- 

 mon, once a resort of highwaymen, 

 and the scene of several military 

 encampments, are occupied by the 

 Islington and St. Pancras ceme- 

 teries ; Marylebone cemetery is 

 between East Finchley and Church 

 End. General Monk mustered his 

 forces here in 1660, and the Guards 

 were assembled here in 1745, an 

 event commemorated in Hogarth's 

 picture, The March to Finchley. 

 An urban district, Finchley gives 

 its name to a co. div. returning 

 one member to Parliament. Pop. 

 39,419. 



Finck, HERMAN (b. 1872). Brit- 

 ish conductor and composer. Born 

 in London, Nov. 4, 1872, he studied 

 at the Guildhall School of Music. 

 In 1900 he was appointed musical 

 director of the Palace Theatre. He 

 has written more than 50 light 

 operas and some hundreds of songs. 



