FINDHORN 



3 1 49 



FINGALL 



Jane H. Findlater, 

 British novelist 



Findhorn, Elgin. The fishing village, looking along the 

 sea front towards the west 



Findhorn. River of the counties 

 of Elgin, Nairn, and Inverness, 

 Scotland. It issues from the 

 Monadhliath Mts., and flows N.E. 

 for 62 m. to Moray Firth, which it 

 enters 2 m. N. of Forres through 

 Findhorn Bay. Findhorn, a fishing 

 village and watering-place, is on 

 the E. shore of the bay. 



Findlater, JANE HELEN. British 

 novelist. Born at Edinburgh, she 

 published her first novel, The Green 



-, ~-^-. _ Graves of Bal- 



JUH^ J gowrie, in 1896. 

 Hi J It was followed 

 I by A Daughter 

 Y4 jpp ] of Strife, 1897 ; 

 j Rachel, 1899 ; 

 1 The Story of a 

 J Mother, 1902 ; 

 Vi Stones from a 

 M Glass House, 

 1904 ; and The 

 Ladder to the 



Elliott & Fry Qfara T QO1 Qho 



otars, lyU'i. one 



also wrote several stories in col- 

 laboration with her sister, Mary 

 Findlater (q.v.), including Tales 

 That Are Told, 1901 ; Crossriggs, 

 1908; Penny Moneypenny, 1911; 

 Seven Scots Stories, 1913 ; Content 

 With Flies, 1916 ; and Seen and 

 Heard, 1916. 



Findlater, MARY (b. 1865). 

 British novelist. She was born at 

 Lochearnhead, Perthshire, and 

 educated at . ^ 



home. Besides j 

 the stories 



written with ; kjOjiPP .^ 

 her sister, Jane \ 

 Helen Find- L 

 later, her| 

 worksof fiction \ 



included Over ; H^H 



the Hills, 

 1897; Betty 

 Musgrave, 



1899; A Nar- ^ *" -" 

 row Way, 1901 ; The Rose of Joy, 

 1903 ; A Blind Bird's Nest, 1903 ; 

 and Tents of a Night, 1916. < 



Findlay. City of Ohio, U.S.A., 

 the co. seat of Hancock co. On the 

 Blanchard river, 44 m. by rly. 

 S.S.W. of Toledo, it is served by 



Mary Findlater, 

 British novehst 



the Ohio Central 

 and other rlys. Its 

 buildings include 

 Findlay College, a 

 public library, and 

 several benevolent 

 institutions, and 

 there is a good 

 park system. 

 Findlay is situ- 

 ated in an agricul- 

 tural, oil, and 

 natural gas region, 

 and has foundries, 

 machinery works, 

 oil refineries, lime 

 kilns, and motor- 

 car, carriage, boot 

 and shoe, and glove factories. 

 Settled in 1813, it was incorporated 

 in 1837, and chartered as a city in 

 1890. Pop. 14,858. 



Findlay, GEORGE GILLANDERS 

 (1849-1919). British scholar. Born 

 Jan. 3, 1849, he was educated at 

 Wesley College, Sheffield, Rich- 

 mond theological college, and Lon- 

 don University. Entering the Wes- 

 leyan ministry in 1870, he was 

 assistant tutor at Headingley Col- 

 lege, 1870-74, classical tutor at 

 Richmond College, 1874-81, and 

 tutor in exegesis and classics at 

 Headingley, 1881-1917. His writ- 

 ings include commentaries in the 

 Expositor's Bible on S. Paul's 

 Epistles, contributions to the Ex- 

 positor's Greek Testament, and the 

 Cambridge Greek Testament and 

 the Bible for Schools. He died 

 Nov. 2, 1919. 



Findon. Village of Kincardine- 

 shire, Scotland. It is on the coast, 

 6 m. S. of Aberdeen. Fishing is 

 carried on, and the village gives its 

 name to the Findon or Finnon had- 

 docks, which were first cured here. 

 Fine (Lat. finis, the end). Term 

 common in English law. Originally 

 a sum of money imposed upon 

 someone by way of compounding 

 i.e. paying to make an end of the 

 matter instead of going to prison 

 or paying in several instalments. 

 By feudal law a leaseholder often 

 pays a fine for the renewal of his 

 lease, and copyholders on change of 

 ownership. But the word is best 

 known in its connexion with crim- 

 inal offences, being a sum of money 

 imposed by way of penalty for a 

 crime or breach of some law or 

 regulation. As a rule, the amount 

 of fine to be imposed is in the 

 discretion of the judge, "subject 

 to the rule of Magna Carta that 

 the fines must not be excessive, 

 a maximum in most cases being 

 fixed by statute. 



Fine Arts. Term comprehen- 

 sively embracing all the five greater 

 arts which minister to the love of 

 the beautiful, the intellectual, and 

 the tasteful, viz. : music, poetry, 



painting, sculpture, and architec- 

 ture. Custom, however, has con- 

 fined the term to the last three par- 

 ticularly, and these again include 

 allied subjects, such as engraving, 

 decoration and design. The French 

 term Beaux Arts has a similar sig- 

 nificance. See Art; Painting; 

 Sculpture. 



Finedon. Urban dist. and vil- 

 lage of Northamptonshire, England. 

 It is 3 m. N.E. of Wellingborough, 

 on the Mid. Rly. Boot and shoe 

 making is engaged in, and there are 

 iron-ore mines close by. Pop. 3,782. 



Fines and Recoveries. Legal 

 fiction introduced in England to 

 override an Act of Parliament 

 which was against the public in- 

 terest. By the statute De Donis 

 Conditionalibus (on conditional 

 gifts) in 1285, it was enacted, in 

 effect, that land which was entailed 

 could never be disentailed ; so that 

 if an estate were given or left to A in 

 tail, it must always keep in A's fam- 

 ily and could never be sold. By this, 

 among other things, the creditors 

 of A, or his heir in tail, could never 

 touch the land for their debts. The 

 judges were strongly opposed to the 

 policy of the barons who had passed 

 this Act, because they thought it 

 against the public interest that 

 land should be made inalienable. 



Therefore, from about 1400 they 

 connived at fines and recoveries, 

 which were fictitious actions 

 worked thus. A is the holder in tail 

 of Whitacre. He wishes to disen- 

 tail, so that he can sell or mortgage, 

 or divide his land amongst his 

 family. An action is brought by 

 X, claiming the land from A, X 

 alleging that the land was his in fee 

 simple (q.v.). A, on getting into 

 court, says that the land was granted 

 to him by Q, who was, in fact, the 

 usher of the court ; Q was then 

 called upon to come into court and 

 defend his title. Of course Q put 

 in no appearance. Judgement was 

 thus given in favour of X ; and X, 

 having recovered the land as a fee 

 simple, promptly re-conveyed it to 

 A as a fee simple, free from the 

 entail. By an Act of 1833 fines and 

 recoveries were abolished. See 

 Fiction, Legal. 



Fingall, EARL OF. Irish title 

 borne since 1628 by the family of 

 Plunkett. In 1403 Sir Christopher 

 Plunkett, a member of this old 

 family, became by marriage the 

 holder of the barony of Killeen in 

 Meath. This made him an Irish 

 peer, and his descendants sat in the 

 Irish House of Lords until the 

 union of 1800. Lucas, the 10th 

 lord, was made earl of Fingall in 

 1628, and both he and his son were 

 supporters of Charles I. Peter, the 

 4th earl, was outlawed after 1689 

 for adhering to the Stuart cause, 



