FISKE 



31 78 



FITCHETT 



instead of being scattered through- 

 out the flesh, as it is in the herring. 

 Hence the livers of the cod when 

 caught are immediately separated, 

 kept fresh, then broken up and 

 allowed to ferment, after which 

 they are cooked until the oil is 

 free, and can be run off. A cer- 

 tain amount of stearine is present 

 in this cod-li ver oil, and has to be 

 separated out before the oil can be 

 used medicinally. This is done by 

 means of extreme cold. 



Fiske, BRADLEY ALLEN (b. 

 1854). American sailor. Born at 

 Lyons, New York, June 13, 1854, 

 and trained at U.S. naval academy, 

 he was promoted lieutenant in 

 1887. He was on the Yorktown 

 during the affray at Valparaiso in 

 1891, was mentioned for services 

 at Manila, 1898, and took part in 

 the bombardment of San Fernando, 

 1899. He became commander in 

 1903, captain in 1907, and rear- 

 admiral in 1911. Fiske invented 

 many electrical naval appliances, 

 notably a naval telescope sight, 

 and wrote much on naval matters. 

 See From Midshipman to Rear- 

 Admiral, B. A. Fiske, 1919. 



Fiske, JOHN (1842-1901). Ameri- 

 can historian and philosopher. 

 Born March 30, 1842, he was 

 educated a t 

 Harvard, 

 where he be- 

 came lecturer 

 on philosophy 

 and assistant 

 librarian. In 

 philosophy, 

 especially in 

 Outlines o f 

 Cosmic Philo- 

 sophy, 1874, 

 he did much to 

 popularise the evolutionist theory, 

 combined with a belief in immor- 

 tality, which he supported. His 

 historical works cover most of the 

 development of the U.S.A. from the 

 earliest times. He died July 4, 1901. 

 Fisk University. American 

 educational institution. Founded 

 in 1866 at Nashville, Tennessee, it 

 is for the education of coloured 

 persons and is named after Clinton 

 B. Fisk (1828-90), American soldier 

 and philanthropist, to whom its 

 establishment was largely due. The 

 teaching given at Fisk is some- 

 what off the ordinary university 

 lines. Money for its endowment 

 was raised in Great Britain by the 

 Jubilee Singers (q.v,), as they were 

 called ; coloured men also gave, 

 concerts, etc., for this purpose. 



Fismes, CAPTURE OF. American 

 exploit in the Great War, Aug., 

 1918. After the Franco -American 

 capture of Chateau -Thierry, July 21, 

 1918, the 3rd and 26th U.S. divi- 

 sions swept forward towards the 



Ourcq and the Vesle in pursuit of 

 the Germans. On July 28 severe 

 fighting took place at Sergy, which 

 changed hands several times, the 

 New York Irish regiment holding 

 it through the night, and the Ger- 

 mans recapturing it next day only 

 to be again driven out when the 

 Americans resumed their advance. 



On Aug. 1-2 the 42nd division, 

 with the 28th division and a brigade 

 of the 3rd division, was close to 

 the Vesle ; it was relieved by the 

 4th division, which, with the 32nd 

 division, tried to get across the 

 river and take Fismes, but was re- 

 peatedly beaten back. The 77th 

 New York national army division 

 and the 28th division next made 

 the effort, and on Aug. 4-5, by out- 

 flanking movements which threat- 

 ened the complete envelopment 

 and capture of the German forces 

 in Fismes, compelled the enemy to 

 withdraw from the town. There- 

 after the Americans gained ground 

 on the N. side of the Vesle. See 

 Marne, Second Battle of the ; United 

 States: History. 



Fissirostres (Lat. fissus, split ; 

 rostrum, beak). Obsolete term for 

 birds which have gaping mouths, as 

 the swallow and the goat-sucker. 

 As a means of classification this 

 feature is useless, for widely separ- 

 ated families of birds possess it. 



Fissurellidae (late Lat., little 

 fissure). Family of small limpets 

 which have a hole at the apex or 

 margin of the shell, whence their 

 popular names, keyhole and slit 

 limpets. Five species are found 

 around the British coasts. 



Fistula (Lat., pipe). Abnormal 

 opening between a cavity in the 

 body and the skin, or between two 

 cavities in the body. For instance, 

 a communication between the 

 rectum and bladder is termed a 

 recto-vesical fistula. 



Fit (A.S. fitt, struggle). Popular 

 term for a sudden seizure, accom- 

 panied by loss of consciousness 

 with or witkrmt convulsions. See 

 Convulsions ; Epilepsy ; Hysteria. 



Fitch, SIR JOSHUA GIRLING 

 (1824-1903). British educationist. 

 Son of Thomas Fitch of Colchester, 

 he was educated there and at 

 University College, London. He 

 became a teacher, and in 1856 was 

 made principal of a training college 

 for teachers in elementary schools. 

 In 1863 he was appointed an in- 

 spector of schools, and the rest of 

 Ms working life was passed in the 

 public service, from which he 

 retired in 1894. When chief in- 

 spector of training colleges he was 

 entrusted with various special 

 duties, and from 1870-77 was an 

 assistant commissioner of endowed 

 schools. He died July 14, 1903. 

 Fitch, who was knighted in 1896, 



was one of the foremost education- 

 ists of his day, and wrote a great 

 deal on the subject of education. 



Fitch, WILLIAM CLYDE (1865- 

 1909). American playwright. Born 

 and educated in New York, he 



scored a success 



with his first 

 play, Beau 

 Brummell,1890. 

 In 1899 he pro- 

 duced Nathan 

 Hale, an his- 

 torical play 

 dealing with 

 the American 

 William Clyde Fitch, War of Inde- 

 American play wright pen dence, and, 

 in London, The Cowboy and The 

 Lady. The Last of the Dandies, 

 1901, and The Woman in the Case, 

 1909, were also produced at Lon- 

 don theatres. He died Sept. 4, 1909. 

 Fitchburg. City of Massachu- 

 setts, U.S.A., one of the co. seats 

 of Worcester co. On a branch of 

 Nashua river, 49 m. W. by N. of 

 Boston, it is served by the New 

 York, New Haven and Hartford, 

 and the Boston and Maine Rlys. It 

 contains a state normal school, 

 several benevolent institutions, a 

 public library, and a number of 

 fine parks. Settled 1719, it was 

 incorporated, 1764, and received a 

 city charter, 1872. Pop. 42,420. 



Fitche"e (Fr. fiche, fixed). In 

 heraldry a cross with a spike at its 

 lower extremity is said to be 

 fitchee or fitchy. It represents the 

 proper cross of the old pilgrims and 

 crusaders, which was stuck in the 

 earth to improvise an altar. See 

 Cross. 



Fitchett, WILLIAM HENRY. Aus- 

 tralian author and journalist. 

 Educated at Melbourne Univer- 

 sity, he en- 

 tered the 

 Methodist 

 ministry. A 

 practical jour- 

 nalist, he 

 edited The 

 Mel bourne 

 Daily Tele- 

 graph and 

 Southern 

 Cross, and, 

 being greatly 

 interested in education, became 

 principal of the Methodist Ladies' 

 College. In 1897 his Deeds that 

 Won the Empire attained immedi- 

 ate success. His other works in- 

 clude How England Saved Europe, 

 1899; Fights for the Flag, 1900; 

 Wellington's Men, 1900; Nelson 

 and his Captains, 1902; Weslev 

 and his Century, 1906; Ithuriers 

 Spear, 1906 ; The Tale of the Great 

 Mutiny, 1907 ; Beliefs of Unbelief, 

 1908 ; The New World of the South, 

 Australia in the Making, 1913. 



W. H. Fitchett. 

 Australian author 



Elliott & Fry 



