FLAGELLATA 



FLAMBARD 



but they won no followers in Eng- 

 land. They were denounced by 

 Pope Clement VI, and finally 

 suppressed by the Inquisition. 

 See Asceticism. 



Flagellata. Sub-division of the 

 Infusorians, or minute protozoa. 

 Found in stagnant water, they 

 have " whiplike " threads of pro- 

 toplasm which by their lashing 

 movements propel the animal 

 through the water. The minute 

 Noctiluca, which causes the phos- 

 phorescence of the sea, belongs to 

 this order. 



Flageolet (Fr.). Wind instru- 

 ment of flute tone, played verti- 

 cally through a mouth -tube. The 



modern in- r - - , 



strument has 

 a separate 

 mouthpiece, 

 but those of 

 the 17th cen- 

 tury had the 

 blowing hole 

 on a sloped 

 end of the 

 main tube, like 

 the present- 

 day penny 

 whistle. The 

 true 17th cen- 

 tury flageolet 

 had two of 

 its six fin- 

 ger-h o 1 e s at 

 the back, 

 governed b y 

 the player's 

 thumbs. See 

 Flute -a -Bee; 

 Recorder. 



Flag Lieu- 

 tenant. I n 

 the British 

 navy, the 

 personal aide- 

 de-camp of an 



admiral Flag KKr fiff . 

 Jack, as the modern flageolet with 

 navy calls him, * r keys 



is usually a specialist in signalling. 

 He is distinguished from the other 

 lieutenants by the aiguillette or 

 golden cord on his left breast. 



Flag Officer. Naval term 

 meaning an officer of admiral's or 

 flag rank. Only admirals hoist 

 flags ; other officers, when in com- 

 mand, fly pennants. In the British 

 navy there are four grades of flag 

 officer, viz. rear-admiral, vice-ad- 

 miral, admiral, and admiral of the 

 fleet, the last being the equivalent 

 of field-marshal in the army. The 

 admiral's flag is derived from the 

 banners which in the old days used 

 to be hoisted aboard ship by 

 generals who held a command at 

 sea. Admirals' flags are : Rear- 

 admiral, S. George's ' Cross with 

 two red balls ; vice-admiral, S. 

 George's Cross with one red ball ; 



L 



Flageolet. Left, 17th 

 century instrument ; 

 the open circles show 

 thumb positions at 

 Right. 



admiral, S. George's Cross ; admiral 

 of the fleet, Union Jack. 

 Admiral. 



Flagship. Vessel in which a 

 flag officer is accommodated, and 

 in which he flies a distinctive flag 

 to indicate the ship to which 

 others must look for signals. A 

 single fleet may have many flag- 

 ships, according to the number of 

 its tactical units. The tactical unit 

 is a division of four ships, usually 

 with a rear-admiral in command : 

 and two divisions make a squad- 

 ron, over which is a vice-admiral, 

 who also has charge of one of the 

 two divisions. A number of battle 

 squadrons, with their attendant 

 craft, make up a fleet, the com- 

 mander-in-chief, as a rule, flying 

 his flag in a vessel which is out- 

 side the divisional formation, and 

 at liberty to place herself where 

 she chooses. 



At the principal home naval 

 stations the flag of the local 

 commander-in-chief is flown in an 

 old warship, i.e. the Victory at 

 Portsmouth, the Impregnable at 

 Devonport, the Pembroke at 

 Chatham, and the Crescent at 

 Rosyth, but the officer lives in an 

 official residence ashore. Most of 



Flail (L&t.flagellum, little whip). 

 See Hand implement for threshing. It 

 is now little used, except on a small 



Flail. 



The old-fashioned threshing 

 implement in use 



scale for flax or when securing 



the senior departmental officers in peas and beans for seed purposes, 

 flagships, i.e. those chosen for staff, It consists of a shaft or handle, 

 gunnery, torpedo, navigation, or commonly made of ash, and 

 engineering duties, receive a special swingle (swiple) of some hard, non- 

 flag allowance in addition to their splitting wood. The two are fixed 

 pay. Vessels that are not flagships 

 are sometimes called private ships. 

 See Battleship ; Navy. 



Flagstone. Fine-grained argill- 

 aceous sandstone, which splits 



together so that the swingle can 

 move freely, this being effected 

 either by leather thongs or by inter- 

 locking an ash swivel on the shaft 

 with a leather loop on the swingle. 



easily in slabby fashion along the See Agricultural Implements. 



bedding plane. Fine sandstones 

 which do not show this so-called 

 lamination are sometimes included 



Flambard, RANULF OR RALPH 

 (d. 1128). Chief minister of 

 William Rufus. Son of a Norman 



under the same name. Flagstones priest, he was made chaplain to 



are composed mainly of minute 

 grains of quartz, but generally 

 contain also some 

 felspathic and mi- 

 caceous material. 

 The colour of flags 

 varies from almost 

 white to grey or 

 yellow, while the 

 mica flakes, if 

 present, give the 

 stone a sparkling 

 appearance in the 

 sunlight. T h ei r 

 fine, even texture, 

 their strength, and 

 the readiness with 

 which they break 

 into blocks of con- 

 venient size make them suitable 

 for use as building stones. 



Flagstones are mainly used, how- 

 ever, for paving-stones, kerbstones, 



the bishop of London, and after 

 William II's accession became his 



Flamborough Head. View from the north, showing 

 part of the lighthouse 



Photochrom 



principal adviser, especially in 

 financial matters. In 1099 he was 

 made bishop of Durham. He in- 

 curred unpopularity by his extor- 



hearths, sills, and steps, and those tionate fiscal methods, and after 

 varieties which split into very thin the death of Rufus was imprisoned, 



layers are used for roofing. 



but escaped to Normandy, where 



