FLORENCE OF WORCESTER 



Etruria, 1801-7, Tuscany joined 

 the growing Kingdom of Italy by 

 a plebiscite of March, 1860, and 

 Florence became the first capital 

 of the United Kingdom of Italy 

 (1865-71). See Door illus. 



Bibliography. Storia della Re- 

 pubblica di Firenze, 1875; Histoire 

 de Florence, F. T. Perrens, Eng. 

 trans. H. Lynch, 1892; The Two 

 First Centuries of Florentine His- 

 tory, P. Villari, Eng. trans. L. Villari, 

 1901 ; The Story of Florence, E. G. 

 Gardner, 4th ed. 1902; Florence, 



A. J. C. Hare, 1904; Florentine His- 

 tory, N. Macchiavelli, Eng. trans. 

 N. H. Thomson, 1906; Florence, 

 G. Allen, 1906. 



Florence of Worcester (d. 

 1118). English chronicler. A monk 

 at Worcester, he lived in the time 

 of William II and Henry I and died 

 in July, 1118. His chronicle of Eng- 

 lish history begins with the Creation, 

 is filled with stories and legends 

 from earlier writings, and is only 

 valuable for the period covered by 

 the author's life. The work was 

 continued to 1141 by John of 

 Worcester. See Eng. trans., ed. 



B. Thorpe, 1848. 



Florence Station. Hamlet of 

 Tennessee, U.S.A., in Rutherford 

 co. It is situated 26 m. S.E. 

 of Nashville, and has a small ex- 

 port trade in grain and cotton. 

 Near here, Dec. 31, 1862, to Jan. 

 2, 1863, was fought the battle of 

 Stone River. 



Flores. Island of the Azores, 

 in the Atlantic Ocean. It is the 

 most westerly of the group. The 

 surface is mountainous, and sheep 

 are. reared on the grassy slopes. 

 The soil is fertile, and fruit and 

 vegetables are cultivated. The 

 chief town is Santa Cruz. Off 

 Flores, in 1591, took place the 

 naval action between Sir Richard 

 Grenville in the Revenge and 

 several Spanish vessels. Pop. 8,250. 



Flores. Island of the Dutch 

 East Indies, in the Sunda group 

 of the Malay Archipelago. A de- 

 pendency of Timor, it lies S. of 

 Celebes, from which it is separated 

 by the Flores Sea, midway be- 

 tween Java and Timor. Oblong in 

 shape, it is 230 m. from W. to E., 

 with an average breadth from N. to 

 S. of 28 m., and an area of 5,860 

 sq. m. The chief products include 

 sandalwood, cotton, edible birds' - 

 nests, dyewoods, tortoiseshell, and 

 beeswax, while rubber culture is 

 making progress. Pop. 250,000. 



Flores. Department of S.W. 

 Uruguay. It is bounded on the N. 

 by Durazno and on the S. by San 

 Jose. It is hilly, with good pastur- 

 age ; agriculture and stock-raising 

 are the principal industries. It is tra- 

 versed by the rly. running N. from 

 Montevideo. The capital is Trini- 

 dad. Area 1,744 sq. m. Pop. 22,079. 



321 1 



FLORIDA KEYS 



Flores Sea. Part of the S. 

 Pacific Ocean, it lies between the 

 island of Flores on the S. and 

 Celebes on the N., E. of the Sunda 

 Sea and W. of the Banda Sea. 

 There are many islands and coral 

 atolls in this sea. 



Floret (Fr. fleurette, little flower). 

 Term used to denote a number of 

 small flowers gathered closely to- 

 gether, presenting in the aggregate 

 the appearance of one large flower. 

 This is especially the case in the 

 large natural order Compositae, 

 In the common daisy (Bellis 

 perennis) what is popularly called 

 the flower is a closely packed head 

 (capitulum) of about 250 florets, 

 of which four-fifths are short, 

 yellow-coloured tubes, constituting 

 the disk. Around the disk is an 

 outer series in which the tube has 

 been split into a much larger white 

 strap. These ray-florets, as they 

 are called, contain no stamens ; 

 their principal purpose is to make 

 the flower-head conspicuous and 

 attract insects to effect cross -pol- 

 lination. Groundsel (Senecio vul- 

 garis) has all its florets without 

 rays, while in dandelion (Taraxa- 

 cum officinale) they are all rayed. 



Florian, JEAN PIERRE CLARIS 

 DE (1755-94). French author and 

 academician. Born March 6, 1755, 

 he obtained an appointment in the 

 household of the duke of Pen- 

 thievre, and afterwards held 

 a commission in a cavalry regi- 

 ment. He was imprisoned when 

 the Revolution broke out, and 

 died Sept. 13, 1794, soon after his 

 release. Author of several comedies, 

 romances, and pastorals, he was 

 elected to the French Academy in 

 1788. He is remembered chiefly for 

 his Fables, 1792. 



Florianopolis. New name for 

 the capital of the state of Santa 

 Catharina, Brazil, more commonly 

 known as Desterro (q.v.). 



Florida. State in the extreme 

 S.E. of the U.S.A. Its area is 54,861 

 sq. m., excluding the water area, 

 slightly larger than that of England 

 and Wales. It is designated the 

 " Peninsular State " from its 

 shape, and the " Everglade State " 

 on account of the large swamp or 

 lake in the S. containing hundreds 

 of thickly wooded islets. Of many 



Florida. Map of the Everglade State 

 of N. America 



navigable rivers the Apalachicola 

 and Suwanee are the chief, and 

 the largest lake is the Okeechobee ; 

 around the coast are several good 

 harbours. Pineapples, oranges, 

 various cereals, cotton and to- 

 bacco are cultivated ; phosphate 

 rock is the chief mineral. 



Manufactured products are to- 

 bacco, lumber, turpentine, tar, 

 and resin. There are a state 

 university at Gainsville, and 

 a state college for women at Talla- 

 hassee. More than 4,900 m. of 

 railroad are worked. Two senators 

 and four representatives are re- 

 turned to Congress. Tallahassee is 

 the capital. Pop. 920,181, of whom 

 one -third are negroes. Florida 

 derived its name from the day 

 in 1513 on which it was discovered 

 by Ponce de Leon Easter Day 

 (Spanish, Pascua Florida or Feast 

 of Flowers) and was by turns in 

 the possession of Spain, France, and 

 Great Britain till 1819. The state 

 was admitted to the union in 1845. 



Florida. Central dept. of Uru- 

 guay. The surface consists of undu- 

 lating grassy tracts, watered by the 

 Yi river, upon which are reared vast 

 herds of cattle. Area, 4,673 sq. m. 

 Pop. 62,666. The capital is Florida, 

 70 m. by rly. N. of Montevideo. 



Florida Bay. Arm of the Gulf 

 of Mexico. It separates Florida 

 state, U.S.A., from Florida Keys. 



Florida Keys. Curved chain of 

 reefs off the S. coast of Florida, 

 U.S.A. They extend from Soldier 

 Key, near Miami, in a S.W. 



