FOKCHANY 



3226 



FOLIGNO 



the royal domain. A member of a 

 younger branch of the family was 

 the famous soldier Gaston de Foix 

 (1489-1512). An earlier member 

 was Peter, a cardinal and arch- 

 bishop of Ailes. 



Fokchany .Alternative spelling of 

 the Rumanian town Focsani (q.v.). 



Fo-Kien OB Fu-KiEN. Coast 

 prov. of China, lying almost en- 

 tirely between lat. 24 and 28 N. 

 Area, 46,332 sq. m. The prov. is 

 mountainous, comprising a series 

 of ranges running parallel with the 

 coast. The chief Waterway is the 

 river Min, 260 m., which flows into 

 the sea below Foochow, the capital. 

 Fo-Kien is noted for its tea and 

 timber, but the value of the tea 

 trade has steadily diminished. 

 Minerals abound, but have not been 

 worked. Fishing is an active in- 

 dustry. Amoy is an important 

 town. Pop. 8,560,000. 



Fokker. German type of aero- 

 plane (q.v. ). It secured much notori- 

 ety during a stage of the Great War. 

 A. H. S. Fokker was a Dutch avi- 

 ator who just before the outbreak 

 of war was building monoplanes in 

 Germany. For war purposes he 

 evolved a very fast biplane with 

 which the Germans gained a con- 

 siderable amount of success until 

 they -were met by better pilots and 

 machines. Fokker also produced a 

 triplane which in many respects 

 was a copy of the Sopwith triplane. 



Fold. In geology, the curvature 

 of strata induced subsequent to 

 their deposition in more or less hori- 

 zontal layers. The result of lateral 

 compression due to movements of 

 the earth's crust, it varies in com- 

 plexity. The simplest form of 

 flexure is in one direction, mono- 

 cline ; folding round a dome is 

 termed quaquaversal ; that form- 

 ing a basin centroclinal. Symmet- 

 rical folding about an axis may re- 

 sult in production of troughs (syn- 

 clines) or of arches (anticlines). 

 Doubling over of beds forms over- 

 folds, which are termed recumbent 

 when the axial plane is nearly hori- 

 zontal. Irregular complex folding 

 results in contortion. See Earth- 

 movement ; Geology ; Rocks. 



Folding Machine. Machine 

 primarily in use in printing to con- 

 vert into sections the flat sheet of 

 printed paper as it comes from the 

 press. Before its adoption these 

 flat sheets were folded by hand. 



Each class of machine varies in 

 its action, but generally the folded 

 sheets are automatically fed up to a 

 side-gauge on the machine bed, and 

 then brought to the correct posi- 

 tion by an automatic device to en- 

 sure accurate folding. A descend- 

 ing blade then presses the sheet be- 

 tween two revolving rollers through 

 which the sheet passes, thus mak- 



ing the first fold. 

 The sheet then 

 travels to the 

 second pair of rol- 

 lers, set at right 

 angles to the first 

 pair, where a simi- 

 lar action is per- 

 formed, and so on 

 for each succeed- 

 ing fold. 



Some machines 

 are made for 

 parallel folding, 

 i.e. folding the 

 sheet over and 

 over in the same 

 direction by blades and rollers 

 parallel with each other operating 

 consecutively. Imagine the first 

 fold down the centre of one way of 

 the sheet and the second fold paral- 

 lel with the first ; we then have the 

 sheet the original length one way, 

 and one -fourth the original length 

 the other way ; a third parallel 

 fold is then made, and as this 

 enters the delivery it is slit into 

 sections by slitting disks. Thus a 



Folding Machine. Diagram illus- 

 trating mechanism of folder section 

 of newspaper press. A. Endless 

 paper web. B. Main frame of 

 machine. C. Rotary knife to slit 

 paper. D. Paper over V plate. 

 E. Rollers to bend paper. F. Fold- 

 ing cylinder. G. Folding roller. 

 H. Copies ready folded 



work, 1 28 pages, of the same size as 

 the Universal Encyclopedia would 

 consist of 8 sections of 16 pages 

 folded in the manner last described, 

 2 sheets each 40 ins. by 54 ins. being 

 converted into 4 sections 10 ins. by 

 6f ins. This principle of parallel 

 folding is adapted to printing ma- 

 chines producing magazines. For 

 example, The London Magazine is 

 printed and folded in 96 pages at 

 one operation and delivered in six 

 sections of 16 pages. 



In all the latest styles of folding 

 machines the sheets are fed in auto- 



Folding Machine. Double sixteen book-folding machine, 

 constructed to fold a sheet into two lots of 16 pages, 

 one lot inserted in the other, to make a section of 32 pages 



matically, and in some instances 

 sheets are supplied from piles, 

 folded, gathered, stabbed, and the 

 covers glued on before delivery. 



The uninitiated have probably 

 been puzzled as to the reason of 

 letters in the bottom margin of a 

 book ; these are identification 

 marks, and indicate the sections in 

 which the book is folded, thus, the 

 first page of the first section of 16 

 pp. or 32 pp. will be marked A and 

 the first page of the second section 

 B and so on. These letters enable 

 the sections to be collected in their 

 right sequence instead of by 

 pagination. 



Newspapers are folded by means 

 of an auxiliary part of the printing 

 press. The endless web of paper 

 travels over a V-shaped plate, 

 forming the first fold or spine of the 

 newspaper ; the web continues its 

 course (now in page size) until it 

 reaches another section of the ma- 

 chine, the next fold being then ac- 

 complished by means of a turning 

 blade which is attached to and ro- 

 tates in a cylinder. There are many 

 types of folding machines for box- 

 making, notepaper folding, etc. 



A. B. Blayney 



Foleshill. Parish and village of 

 Warwickshire, England. It is 3 m. 

 N.E. of Coventry and is really an in- 

 dustrial suburb of that city, having 

 manufactures of the same kind, 

 while around are collieries. The 

 church of S. Lawrence was restored 

 in 1889. Foleshill has a station on 

 L. & N.W.R. Pop. 7,780. 



Foliation. In geology, a struc- 

 ture characteristic of metamorphic 

 rocks, particularly of schists. It 

 consists of the arrangement of the 

 rock-material in more or less par- 

 allel, sometimes lenticular, and fre- 

 quently undulating layers. Split- 

 ting usually takes place readily 

 along these layers. See Rock. 



Foligno (anc. Fulginium). City 

 of Italy, in the prov. of Perugia. It 

 stands in a beautiful valley, on the 

 river Topino, 23 m. by rly. S.E. of 

 Perugia, and is enclosed by medie- 

 val walls. It has a 12th century 



