FONCK 



3231 



FONT 



Fonck, LIEUTENANT (b. 1890). 

 French airman. During the Great 

 War he became known by his 

 exploits in bringing down German 

 aeroplanes. He took up flying in 

 1912, began his career as a military 

 airman in the observation service, 

 and, having transferred to the 

 battleplane service, brought down 

 his first German aeroplane on Aug. 

 6, 1916. On May 9, 1918, in the 

 region of Montdidier, he brought 

 down six German biplanes. This 

 success carried him to the head of 

 the fighting arm of the French 

 flying service, displacing Nun- 

 gesser. He fought with the British 

 airmen in Flanders and was 

 awarded the D.C.M. and M.C. Just 

 before the armistice he had brought 

 down in all 75 German aeroplanes. 



Fond du Lac. City of Wiscon- 

 sin, U.S.A., the co. seat of Fond 

 du Lac co. At the head of Lake 

 Winnebago, 59 m. N.N.W. of Mil- 

 waukee, it is served by the Chicago, 

 Milwaukee & St. Paul and other 

 rlys. It contains the Grafton 

 Hall girls' school, a state women's 

 reformatory, a public library, and 

 two parks. The industries include 

 tanning, and the manufacture of 

 machinery, lumber products, 

 motor-cars, carriages, and flour. 

 Settled about 1836, it received a 

 city charter in 1852. Pop. 21,485 



Fondi (anc. Fundi). City of 

 Italy, in the prov. of Caserta. On 

 the Appian Way, 11 m. N.E. of 

 Terracina, it is enclosed by crumb- 

 ling walls. Among its buildings are 

 a cathedral, and a Dominican con- 

 vent in which Thomas Aquinas 

 dwelt. Fundi was a Volscian town 

 of some importance. It came under 

 the sway of the popes in the 8th 

 century, and suffered at the hands 

 of Barbarossa in 1534. Fondi lies 

 in a fertile district, and in ancient 

 times was celebrated for its wine. 

 Pop. 11,378. 



Fonsagrada (Sp., sacred foun 

 tain). Town of Spain, in the prov 

 of Lugo. It stands on the slopes of 

 the Cantabrian Mts., at an alt. of 

 3,166 ft., 26 m. N.E. of Lugo. It 

 is a mart for local agricultural pro- 

 duce, and carries on flour-milling 

 and the manufacture of frieze and 

 linen. Pop. 19,219. 



Fonseca. Gulf or arm of the 

 Pacific Ocean. It penetrates inland 

 to a depth of 40 m. between Hon 

 duras, Salvador, and Nicaragua. 

 Two volcanoes Conchagua and 

 Coseguina stand on either side of 

 its entrance, which is 21 m. wide. 

 On the small island of Tigre in the 

 gulf is the port of Amapali, a 

 name by which the gulf is some- 

 times called. 



Fonseca, MANGEL DEODORO DA 

 (1827-92). First president of 

 Brazil. Born at Alagoas, Brazil, 



Aug. 5, 1827, he 

 joined the army 

 in 1849. He was 

 engaged, 1864- 

 70, in the fight- 

 ing against 

 Montevideo and 

 Paraguay, and 

 rose to the rank 



Manoel da Fonseca. , 



Brazilian president 1 hough sym- 

 pathetic with 



the republican party he was a per- 

 sonal friend of the emperor, Dom 

 Pedro, and was, 188G, appointed 

 governor of the province of Rio 

 Grande do Sul. Becoming more 

 closely identified with the repub- 

 lican movement, he was recalled ; 

 he headed the insurrection whicli 

 was followed by the establishment 

 of the republic of Brazil. He was 

 appointed its first president in Feb., 

 1891, but resigned in Nov. He died 

 on Aug. 23, 1892. 



Font (Lat./ows, stem font-, foun- 

 tain). In eccles. architecture, the 

 basin for the rite of baptism. Con- 

 structed of either marble, stone, 

 or lead, it was placed in a part of 

 the church reserved for the pur- 



pose, or in a separate baptistery. 

 Since total immersion was cus- 

 tomary in the early Christian 

 baptism, fonts were of consider- 

 able size. Gothic fonts were often 

 covered by a lid of elaborate con- 

 struction. The church of Notre 

 Dame at Hal, Belgium, retains a 

 font with a heavy brass cover of 

 this type, which is removable by 

 a crane attached to the wall. 



Norman fonts are square or 

 round, with massive pedestals, and 

 are often ornamented with sculp- 

 tured figures or other decoration; 

 there were few sculptured fonts 

 before this period, the Saxon 

 examples being mostly plain tub- 

 shaped structures made, in the 

 early stages, of wood. A few pre- 

 Norman fonts, however, are rudely 

 sculptured. During the Gothic 

 period fonts followed the line of 

 general architectural development. 

 Thus the pedestals in the 13th 

 century are often made up of 

 clustered shafts. Most of the ex- 

 tant font covers in Great Britain 

 belong to the 17th century, but a 

 few very beautiful covers were 

 added to existing fonts during the 



Font 1 Carved Norman example in Hereford Cathedral. 2. Font in Henry 

 VII's Chapel, Westminster Abbey. 3. Marble font, 1425-32, with bronze 

 figures by Jacopo della Quercia, baptistery of S. Giovanni, Siena. 4. Marble 

 font, 1546, and bronze cover with statue of S. John Baptist by F. Segala, 1565, 

 S. Mark's, Venice 



