FOOL'S PARSLEY 



3239 



the patient walking mainly on the 

 outer side. In talipes valgus the 

 foot is everted, and the patient 

 walks on the inner side. These 

 deformities may be more or less 

 corrected by massage, manipula- 

 tion, the use of suitable splints or 

 other apparatus, forcible wrench- 

 ing, and in some cases operation. 

 In claw foot, or pes cavus, there is 

 an increased concavity in the arch 

 of the foot. See illus. Anklet. 



Foot. One of the oldest and 

 commonest measures of length, 

 based upon that of a man's foot, 



Fool's Parsley. Leaves and Sowers of 



Aethusa cynapium 



Fool's Parsley (Aethusa cyna- 

 pium). Annual herb of the natural 

 order Umbelliferae. It is a native 

 of Europe and Siberia, growing 

 chiefly in cultivated ground. It 

 has a spindle-shaped root and a 

 smooth stem about 2 ft. high. The 

 large, wedge-shaped leaves are 

 much divided into small, thin seg- 

 ments. The minute white flowers 

 are massed in compound umbels. 

 Though somewhat like parsley, it 

 is considered that its nauseous 

 odour would prevent any but " a 

 fool " from being imposed upon 

 by the resemblance. 



Foot. Lower extremity of the 

 leg on which man stands or walks. 

 The bones fall into three groups : 

 (1) seven forming the tarsus or 

 posterior part of the foot, which 

 correspond to the bones of the 

 wrist; (2) the five metatarsal 

 bones ; and (3) the fourteen pha- 

 langes, forming the toes. The 

 tarsus consists of the os calcis, 

 which is the largest bone of the 

 foot and forms the heel ; the astra- 

 galus, which articulates with the 

 tibia and fibula, the two smaller 

 bones of the leg, to form the ankle 

 joint ; and five smaller bones the 

 scaphoid, three cuneiform bones, 

 and the cuboid bone. The meta- 

 tarsal bones are elongated, and 

 articulate behind with the tarsus 

 and in front with the phalanges. 



The phalanges are fourteen in 

 number, three in each of the four 

 outer toes and two in the big toe. 

 The foot is arched in the centre, 

 the posterior pier of the arch being 

 formed by the heel and the anterior 

 by the heads of the metatarsal 

 bones. The dropping of the arch of 

 the foot produces the condition 

 known as flat foot (q.v.\ Club foot 

 or talipes is a deformity which may- 

 be present at birth or acquired 

 during later life. In talipes equinus 

 the heel is drawn up and the 

 patient walks on his toes. In 

 talipes calcaneus the toes are 

 raised from the ground. In talipes 

 varus the foot is inverted, the inner 

 side of the foot being raised, and 



Foot. Diagrams showing the bones 



of the human foot, seen from above 



and from the side 



traditionally the king's. The 

 English statute foot is divided into 



FOOTBALL 



12 ins. In prosody, foot is the term 

 applied to a group of syllables, one 

 of which is stressed to mark the 

 rhythm that forms a constituent 

 part of a verse. 



Foot - and - Mouth Disease . 

 Fever mainly affecting cattle, 

 sheep, and pigs, though other 

 animals, including man, are also 

 liable. The disease is only noted 

 periodically in Great Britain, and 

 is then the result of imported in- 

 fection. When there is an out- 

 break, the district in which it 

 appears is isolated by forbidding 

 the movement of cattle, sheep, etc., 

 in or out of it, and the affected 

 animals are liable to be slaughtered, 

 compensation being paid. 



It is very contagious, spreading 

 from one animal to another and 

 from one place to another with 

 great rapidity, the infection being 

 readily carried by various methods. 

 As a rule, adult animals are not 

 fatally affected, but a large number 

 of the younger ones may die. The 

 cattle, however, lose condition, and 

 the milk must not be sold. The 

 symptoms are those of a fever, 

 with eruptions occurring in the 

 mouth or feet, or both ; hence the 

 name. The animal at one stage 

 presents a characteristic appear- 

 ance in the smacking of the lips, 

 from which a thick discharge 

 issues. See Bacteriology. 



FOOTBALL: ASSOCIATION AND RUGBY 



F. B. Wilson, of The Times Sporting Department 



This article describes the growth of this popular game and the way 



its two main forms are played. See also Cricket; Hockey; 



Rackets ; Tennis, and articles on other sports 



A form of football was known 

 and practised in Derby and Chester 

 as far back as A.D. 217, but in all 

 probability it was then, and for 

 long afterwards, merely an un- 

 organized amusement, indulged in 

 on occasions of public rejoicing by 

 factions, irrespective of numbers, 

 the only object aimed at being 

 the driving of the ball by one 

 faction into a district defended by 

 another. 



In the 12th century the game 

 appears to have been an after-dinner 

 diversion of London school-boys. 

 Many proclamations forbidding 

 football were issued in the 14th, 

 15th, and 16th centuries. In Scot- 

 land James III decreed that " foot- 

 ball should be utterly cryed down." 

 Various municipal authorities con- 

 tinued to legislate against the game, 

 which in those days appears to have 

 been a riot rather than a sport, up to, 

 and possibly later than, 1700. Not 

 until 1800 was any attempt made 

 to limit the number of players, or to 

 secure numerical equality of sides. 



For many years football was 

 almost exclusively confined to the 



public schools, where the first re- 

 corded game tdok place in 1710. 

 The Rugby game, with its tackling, 

 throwing, and charging, takes its 

 name from the school where it 

 originated, which had a grass field ; 

 and the flagged courts of the 

 Charterhouse no doubt brought into 

 existence what afterwards became 

 known as the Association game. 



Westminster was probably the 

 first to develop football in an 

 orderly manner. Other schools 

 gradually followed the example, 

 although certain schools still use 

 their own rules. The wall game 

 at Eton would hardly be called 

 football by an outsider. Eton also 

 plays the field game, a hard and 

 very fast game of football which 

 furnishes excellent training for 

 dribbling. Harrow has a game of 

 its own played with a big, clumsy 

 ball like a footstool. Winchester 

 has yet another puzzling varia- 

 tion, in which v ropes and netting 

 or "canvas" form a part. Both 

 Eton and Winchester, however, 

 have turned out many brilliant ex 

 ponents of the Association game. 



