FORESTALLING 



3250 



FOREST ROW 



Southern states are by no means 

 so thick, and produce oaks, pines, 

 cypresses, gums, and cedars. The 

 central states are rich in hard- 

 wood forests, growing chestnuts, 

 hickories, and ashes. W. of the 

 Rocky Mountains the forests of 

 the Pacific coast produce trees of 

 immense size, chiefly redwood, 

 hemlock, spruce, and fir, and what 

 is known as the " big " tree. The 

 Rocky Mountains are in places 

 covered with pine and spruce. 

 Valuable stretches of timber exist 

 in Alaska, especially along the 

 river courses and on the lower 

 slopes of the hills. 



In S. America dense tropical 

 forests prevail in the regions of the 

 Amazon and Maranon, but because 

 of the thick undergrowth and the 

 numerous wild animals and reptiles 

 which dwell therein, they are well- 

 nigh impenetrable. 



Thickly wooded areas still 

 occupy a considerable proportion 

 of the European continent. In 

 France, where one-sixth of the 

 afforested areas of 2,500,000 acres 

 is state property, the forests of 

 Ardennes, Orleans, Fontainebleau, 

 Compiegne, and Rambouillet are 

 administered by official agency. In 

 Germany the Black Forest and 

 those in Franconia and Thuringia 

 are similarly managed. Russia has 

 about 500,000,000 acres under 

 timber, most of which is of small 

 commercial value. 



Forestalling. Commercial term 

 denoting interference with public 

 trade by buying up merchandise 

 on its way to a market, or keep- 

 ing other people's goods off the 

 market, or making a ring in a mar- 

 ket, all agreeing to charge the same 

 high price. It was similar to the 

 modern profiteering. Originally an 

 offence, it was taken away from 

 this category by an Act of 1844. 

 I See Engrossing. 



Forest Bed. Series of deposits 

 formed above the Pliocene Wey- 

 bourne Crag and occurring beneath 

 the glacial boulder-clay cliffs on 

 the Norfolk coast. It comprises a 

 lower fresh-water bed of clayey 

 silt, an estuarine forest-bed (20 ft. ) 

 above, with stumps of trees and 

 bones of mammals, and an upper 

 bed of sand and blue clay (2-7 ft.), 

 containing fresh-water shells. See 

 Pliocene. 



Forest Cantons. Four cantons 

 of Switzerland, enclosing the Lake 

 of Lucerne (Ger. Vierwaldstatter 

 See). They are Unterwalden, Uri, 

 Schwyz, and Lucerne. 



Forest Court. Special courts of 

 restricted jurisdiction formerly 

 held in England. ' According to 

 Blackstone, they were instituted 

 " for the government of the royal 

 i forests in different parts of the 



kingdom, and for the punishment 

 of all injuries done to the king's 

 deer or venison, to the vert or 

 greensward, and to the covert in 

 which such deer are lodged." 



There were the court of attach- 

 ments, held before the verderers 

 every forty days to inquire into 

 offences against vert and venison ; 

 the court of regard, or survey of 

 dogs, held every third year, for 

 the lawing or expeditation, by cut- 

 ting off the claws and ball, or 

 pelote, of the forefeet of mastiffs, 

 the only dogs permitted within the 

 forest precincts, to prevent them 

 chasing the deer ; the court of 

 sweinmote, held thrice a year 

 before the verderers as judges, 

 with the sweins or freeholders 

 within the forest as jurors, to 

 inquire into oppressions com- 

 mitted by the officers of the forest, 

 and also to try cases presented by 

 the court of attachments ; and the 

 court of justice-seat, a court of 

 record, held every third year 

 before the chief itinerant judge to 

 hear and determine all pleas and 

 causes whatsoever arising within 

 the forest. The last court of 

 j ustice -seat was heldpro forma only , 

 shortly after the Restoration, and 

 since the Revolution of 1688 the for- 

 est laws, and with them the forest 

 courts, have fallen into desuetude. 

 Forester, BARON. British title 

 borne since 1821 by the family of 

 Forester. A Shropshire gentleman, 

 Cecil Weld Forester, 1767-1828, 

 was first holder, and the title 

 passed to his sons, the second being 

 M.P. for Wenlock 1828-74, and 

 comptroller of the royal household. 

 A third brother succeeded, and 

 from him the present baron is 

 descended. His estates are in 

 Shropshire, where he has a seat, 

 Willey Park, Broseley. 



Foresters, ANCIENT ORDER OF. 

 British friendly society. Founded 

 in 1834 to provide its members and 

 their dependents 

 with weekly al- 

 lowances during 

 sickness, old age, 

 or widowhood, it 

 has always been 

 one of the most 

 progressive in in- 

 troducing new 

 Foresters' arms benefits 8 in the 



way of endowment insurance, etc. 

 The society, to which an initiation 

 ceremony must be undergone, 

 though the mystic ritual has been 

 largely abandoned, is organized in 

 courts and districts which owe al- 

 legiance to a central headquarters. 

 Contributions vary according to 

 the benefits desired. The order has 

 spread to America and the British 

 Dominions overseas. See Friendly 

 Societies. 



Forest Gate. District of Essex, 

 England, and an E. suburb of 

 London. It is 5J m. N.E. of Liver- 

 pool Street station on the G.E.R. 

 There are chemical and other in- 

 dustries. It is mostly included in 

 W. Ham and E. Ham. 



Forest Hill. Residential dist. 

 and ward in the metropolitan 

 borough of Lewisham, London, 

 England. It is 5 \ m. S.E. of Lon- 

 don Bridge station, on the L.B. & 

 S.C.R. The Horniman Museum, 

 standing in a public park, and built 

 at a cost of 40,000, was opened to 

 the public in 1901. Pop. 20,804. 



Forest Marble . Name of a geo - 

 logical formation comprising shelly 

 and flaggy limestones. Alternating 

 with layers of clay or marl, it is one 

 of the Great Oolite group of Jurassic 

 stratified rocks, and occurs in Dor- 

 set, Somerset ( 135 ft. in thickness), 

 Wiltshire, through Oxfordshire into 

 Buckinghamshire, where limestone 

 thins out and is thence represented 

 by clays. The formation is named 

 after Wychwood Forest, Oxford- 

 shire, where it was formerly quar- 

 ried for building stone. 



Forest Pig. Genus of huge 

 black wild swine discovered in 1904 

 in the Ituri and Nandi forests of 

 Central Africa. They have enor- 

 mous heads, with conspicuous 

 curved tusks ; and there are large 

 warty growths on the face. The 

 animal has rarely been seen alive 

 by Europeans. 



Forest Reserves. Name given 

 in the United States to areas re- 

 served for purposes of conserving 

 the trees, and now known also as 

 National forests. In 1896 the 

 National Academy of Sciences was 

 asked to outline a rational forest 

 policy, and in 1897 a further 

 21,000,000 acres were added to the 

 existing reserves of 18,000,000. 

 On June 30, 1917, there were 152 

 national forests with an acreage of 

 155,000,000. 



Canada also has large forest re- 

 serves, something over 150,000,000 

 acres having been set apart. Of 

 these, 107,000,000 acres are in the 

 province of Quebec. In Alberta, on 

 the E. slope of the Rockies, there is 

 a reserve nearly 14,000,000 acres 

 in extent. There are also extensive 

 forest reserves in India. Under the 

 state forest department these com- 

 prised 101,000 sq. m. in 1917-18. 



Forest Row. Parish and village 

 of Sussex, England. It is 3 m. S.E. 

 of East Grinstead, on the L.B. & 

 S.C.R. , and a convenient starting- 

 point for a visit to Ashdown 

 Forest. Between Forest Row and 

 East Grinstead are the ruins of 

 Brambletye House, once the home 

 of the Lewknor family, and the 

 theme of a romance by Horace 

 Smith. Pop. 3,035. 



