FORESTRY CORPS 



3254 



FORFARSH1RE 



form of horizontal engine, the pis- 

 ton-rod of which projects from the 

 cylinder in the form of a saw blade. 

 The machine is clamped at the foot 

 of a tree, and steam at 80 Ib. pres- 

 sure is admitted direct to the cylin- 

 der through a hose pipe connected 

 with a stationary vertical boiler. 



The saw works to and fro as a 

 piston-rod would do, and will cut 

 through the trunk of an average 

 fir, level with the ground, in one 

 minute, or through a large tree in 

 three minutes. The boiler is fed 

 with waste wood, and the machine 

 can be carried from tree to tree by 

 two men. The area that can be 

 cleared without the necessity for 

 moving the boiler is only limited, 

 within reason, by the length of the 

 connecting hose pipe. The machine, 

 run by a couple of men, will ac- 

 count for fifty trees a day. 



The detection of decay in grow- 

 ing timber is impossible to anyone 

 but a trained expert, and, unless it 

 has reached nearly to the bark, and 

 is outwardly visible, its existence 

 is usually unsuspected unless, as 

 occasionally happens, it manifests 

 itself in poverty of foliage. In a 

 felled and stripped log or trunk, 

 however, soundness may be ascer- 

 tained in a simple manner. The 

 ear should be placed close to one 

 end of a log, and a person at the 

 opposite end of the log should 

 deliver a series of sharp blows with 

 a hammer or mallet upon the wood. 

 If only a number of dull thuds re- 

 sults it may safely be assumed that 

 the wood is bad and decayed, but if 

 the blows ring loud, clear, and con- 

 tinually resonant, it is sound. 



Bibliography. Elementary For- 

 estry, C. E. Curtis, 1905 ; Manual of 

 Forestry, W. Schlich, 1911 ; Forestry 

 Work, W. H. Whellens, 1919 ; Com- 

 mercial Forestry in Britain, E. P. 

 Stebbing, 1919. 



Forestry Corps. Unit of the 

 British army during the Great War. 

 To secure an adequate supply of 

 timber for the various purposes of 

 the Great War, Britain decided to 

 request help from Canada. Men 

 were at once enrolled there, and 

 the first draft reached England in 



April, 1916, and proceeded to the 

 extensive woods around Virginia 

 Water, near Windsor. Two other 

 drafts soon followed, bringing the 

 strength up to 1,609 of all ranks. 



The corps did not wait for the 

 delivery of their own machinery, 

 but adapted whatever they could 

 get, both in England and Scotland. 

 The development of these lum- 

 ber battalions from Canada into a 

 distinct Forestry Corps took place 

 in Oct., 1916, Colonel MacDougal 

 being made its brigadier-general. 

 By Jan., 1917, it was found neces- 

 sary to provide a base, training and 

 mobilisation camp in England, and 

 by June of that year the corps in 

 England and France totalled 

 15,000, and by Jan., 1918, it had 

 grown to 18,000. In Britain there 

 were 38 camps or establishments 

 and in France about 70. 



Forez, MONTS DU. Wooded 

 range of mts. in the dept. of Loire, 

 France. They lie in the W. of the 

 dept., and divide the basins of the 

 Allier and the Loire. The loftiest 

 summit is Pierre-sur-Haute, 5,380 

 ft. The range is also known as the 

 Monts de la Madeleine and the 

 Bois Noirs. The old division of 

 Forez, in the prov. of Lyonnais, is 

 now included in the dept. of Loire. 

 Forfar. Parl., royal and num. 

 burgh, and the county town of 

 Forfarshire, Scotland. It stands in 

 %.iLM.....i...m....... t .j i i.... J . M . the Howe of 



Angus, 21 m. 

 N.E. of Dun- 

 dee, on the Cal. 

 Rly. The chief 

 buildings are 

 the county hall, 

 town hall, court 

 house, and Meff an 

 Institute. A 



Forfar arms 



public hall and a park were given by 

 Peter Reid, a merchant here. The 

 chief industries are the manufac- 

 ture of linen and jute; others are 

 tanning, bleaching, and rope-mak- 

 ing. It is also a rly. junction. The 

 burgh is governed by a provost and 

 council, and the corporation owns 

 the gas and water supplies. 



Forfar was a royal residence of 

 Malcolm Canmore, whose castle on 



a hill to the N. of the town was 

 taken and destroyed by Bruce in 

 1308 ; its site is marked by a 

 cross erected in 1648. It was 

 made a burgh in the 13th century. 

 Forfar is one of the five Montrose 

 burghs which jointly return a 

 member to Parliament. Market 

 day, Sat. Pop. (1921), 9,585. 



Forfarshire OR ANGUS. Eastern 

 maritime county of Scotland. 

 1C; is bounded S. by the Firth 

 of Tay, and has an area of 

 873 sq. m. It has a grandly 

 varied surface, falling into four 

 natural divisions the Braes of 

 Angus, belonging to the Grampians 

 and scored by several picturesque 

 glens, in the N.W. ; the Howe of 

 Angus, a part of Strathmore, in 

 the centre ; the Sidlaw Hills in the 

 S.W., and the fertile plain in the 

 S.E. Glas Meal (3,502 ft. ), in the 

 N.W., is the loftiest summit. The 

 N. and S. Esks and the Isla are the 

 main streams, and of several small 

 lakes Loch Lee is the largest. Agri- 

 culture and cattle-rearing are 

 prominent, and jute and flax 

 manufactures occupy many people, 

 but the minerals are of little 

 economic value. Montrose and 

 Dundee are fishing centres; Dun- 

 dee, Montrose, and Arbroath are the 

 chief ports. 



The Cal. and N.B. rlys. serve 

 the county. Forfar, the county 

 town, Dundee, Arbroath, Brechin, 

 and Montrose are the principal 

 towns. One member is returned 

 to Parliament. Pop. 270,950. 

 Evidences of Roman occupation 

 include camps ; among other an- 

 tiquities are the castle ruins of 

 Edzell and Melgund, and the round 

 tower at Brechin. 



LITERARY ASSOCIATIONS. At Dun- 

 dee in 1465 was born Hector Boece 

 (q.v.), and nearly two centuries 

 later, at Baldovie, the classical 

 scholar and educational reformer, 

 Andrew Melville. Among the 

 Forfar poets are Alexander Ross, 

 the Lochlee schoolmaster who 

 wrote Woo'd an' Married an' A'; 

 William Thorn, the weaver, who 

 lived for some years in Dundee, 

 and is buried there ; and James 



