FORTE 



3262 



FORTH 



Forte. Italian term used in 

 music, meaning strong or loud. It 

 is sometimes represented by the 

 abbreviations for., or / Its super- 

 lative, meaning very loud, is fort- 

 issimo, shortened to ff or ///, or 

 very rarely ////. See Musical Terms. 



Fortes cue. River of W. Aus- 

 tralia. It rises in the Hammersley 

 Range, flows in a N.W. course of 

 250 m., and discharges into the 

 Indian Ocean in lat. 21 10' S., a few 

 miles below Cape Preston. 



Fortescue, EARL. British title 

 borne since 1789 by the family of 

 Fortescue. In 1 72 1 , Sir Hugh For- 

 tescue, a member of an old Devon 

 family, obtained the barony of 

 Clinton, and was made Baron 

 Fortescue and earl of Clinton. 

 When he died, in 1751, his brother 

 Matthew became Baron Fortescue, 

 and Matthew's son, Hugh, the 3rd 

 baron, was made Viscount Ebring- 

 ton and Earl Fortescue in 1789. 

 The 2nd earl was lord-lieutenant 

 of Ireland from 1839-41, and the 

 3rd earl held minor offices in the 

 Liberal ministry between 1846 and 

 1851. The earl's estates are in 

 Devonshire, and his eldest son is 

 called Viscount Ebrington. 



Fortescue, GRANVILLE ROLAND 

 (b. 1875). American soldier and 

 journalist. Born in New York, 

 Oct. 12, 1875, and educated at the 

 university of Pennsylvania, he 

 served with the Rough Riders in 

 Cuba, 1898 ; as lieutenant of 

 volunteer infantry in the Philip- 

 pines, 1899-1901 ; in the cavalry, 

 1902, and graduated at the U.S. 

 Staff College in 1904. Retiring 

 from the U.S. army in 1906, he 

 acted as The Standard's special 

 correspondent with the Spanish 

 army in the Riff War, 1909 ; and 

 in the Great War as correspondent 

 of The Daily Telegraph on the 

 western front. He is the author of 

 At the Front with Three Armies, 

 1915 ; Russia, The Balkans, and 

 The Dardanelles, 1915 ; and What 

 of The Dardanelles ?, 1915. 



Fortescue, SIR JOHN (c. 1394- 

 1476). English judge and writer. 

 The son of another Sir John For- 

 tescue, he belonged to the Devon 

 family of that name. Born at 

 Norris in Somerset, he was edu- 

 cated at Exeter College, Oxford, 

 and became a lawyer in London. 

 In 1442 he was made chief justice 

 of the king's bench, and he held 

 the post until Henry VI lost his 

 throne in 1461. He went abroad 

 with Queen Margaret of Anjou in 

 1463, and was with her and her 

 son Edward for some time, but in 

 1471 he was pardoned by Edward 

 IV. Fortescue is best known by 

 his writings. His treatise on the 

 laws of England (Be Laudibus 

 Legum Angliae) was published 



Sir John Fortescue. 

 English judge 



After W. Faithorne 



after his death, and several times 

 since. He also wrote a book, the 

 earliest of its kind, now known as 

 The Govern- 

 ance of Eng- 

 land. This 

 was first pub- 

 lished in 1714 

 as The Differ 

 ence Between 

 an Absolute 

 and a Limited 

 Monar c h y, 

 and under its 

 other title, 

 with an intro- 

 duction by C. Plummer, in 1885. 

 Fortescue, JOHN WILLIAM (b. 

 1859). British military historian. 

 Born Dec. 28, 1859, a younger son 

 of the 3rd Earl Fortescue, he was 

 educated at Harrow and Trinity 

 College, Cambridge. He was pri- 

 vate secretary to the governor 

 of New Zealand, and a captain in 

 the Devon Yeomanry, but devoted 

 much time to military history. In 

 1899 appeared the first volume of 

 his History of the British Army, 

 and eight other volumes appeared 

 at intervals until 1920, the story 

 being then taken down to 1815. 



This is the most complete his- 

 tory of its kind, a careful survey 

 of the subject from the earliest 

 times, and particularly valuable 

 for the 18th century. In 1905 

 Fortescue was made librarian at 

 Windsor Castle. He also wrote a 

 History of the 17th Laneers, 1895, 

 some novels, an animal study, The 

 Story of a Red Deer, 1897, and 

 wrote the article on The British 

 Army in this work. He was lecturer 

 on military subjects at the univer- 

 sities of Oxford, Cambridge, and 

 London. See port., p. xxi, vol. i. 



Fortescue, Miss Stage name 

 of May Finney, British actress. 

 She made her stage debut as Lady 

 Ella, in Patience, at The Opera 

 Comique, London, April 23, 1881. 

 A notable Celia in lolanthe, at 

 The Savoy, 1882, she appeared as 

 Dorothy in Dan'l Druce, at The 

 Court, 1884. 

 Among other 

 parts in which 

 she played were 

 those of Mary 

 Melrose in Our 

 1 Boys, at The 

 JP I Strand, 1884 

 *3* (after which 

 date she organ- 

 ized a touring 

 company of 

 her own, which 

 she ran for 

 some years) ; 

 Julia in The 

 Hunchback; 

 Miss Fortescue as p , 1 i n in 

 Julia in the Hunch- u ^ n , e 



back The Lady of 



Lyons; Galatea in Pygmalion 

 and Galatea; Juliet; Rosalind; 

 Lady Teazle in The School for 

 Scandal; Fedora; Hypatia; the 

 duchess of Strood in The Gay 

 Lord Quex; Lady Faringford in 

 The Return of the Prodigal; the 

 duchess of Braceborough in Mr. 

 Hopkinson; Mrs. J. K. Rotterford 

 :n Billy's Bargain ; Lady Bagley 

 in Our Mr. Hepplewhite, Lady 

 Emily in Humpty Dumpty ; Mrs. 

 Devlin in Betty at Bay ; appearing 

 also at Drury Lane in the Best of 

 Luck. She visited the U.S. A in 

 1886, and Germany in 1909. 



Fort Garry. Former post of 

 the Hudson Bay Co., erected 1835, 

 on the site of which Winnipeg 

 grew up. In 1873 the city was 

 incorporated under the latter 

 name. Old Fort Garry Gate, a 

 castellated gate at the end af 

 Broadway, is all that remains of 

 the fort. A mounted unit of the 

 Canadian army known as the 

 Fort Garry Horse distinguished 

 itself at Cambrai, Nov. 20, 1917. 

 See Winnipeg. 



Fort George. Fortress of In- 

 verness-shire, Scotland. It stands 

 on Moray Firth, 12 m. N.E. of In- 

 verness, and was erected after the 

 rebellion of 1745 to accommodate 

 2,000 men. There is ferry com- 

 munication with Fortrose on the 

 opposite shore of the Firth. 



Forth. River of Scotland, 

 which, flowing into the N. Sea, 

 forms as its estuary the Firth of 

 Forth. The meeting of the hill 

 streams Duchray Water and Avon- 

 dhu, near Aberfoyle, in Perthshire, 

 forms the Forth, which flows 

 through Perthshire, Stirlingshire, 

 and Clackmannanshire, mainly in 

 an easterly direction. The total 

 length as far as Alloa is about 53 

 m. Tidal to a point about four m. 

 above Stirling, the river is navi- 

 gable for 300-ton vessels as far as 

 Alloa, for 100 tons to Stirling. Its 

 chief tributaries are the rivers 

 Teith and Devon and Allan Water. 

 In the Carse of Stirling its course 

 is extraordinarily sinuous, forming 

 the so-called Links of Forth. 



Forth, FIRTH OF. Name given to 

 the estuary of the river Forth, on 

 the E. coast of Scotland. The Firth 

 begins at Alloa, and stretching 

 to a line drawn S. from Fife Ness, 

 being thus about 51 m. long and 

 varying in width from one to 17 

 m. The chief islands are Inchkeith, 

 Inchcolm, Cramond Island, and 

 the Bass Rock, and Leith, Granton, 

 Grangemouth, Alloa, Burntisland, 

 and Methel are the chief harbours 

 and fishing ports along both coasts. 

 The Firth is spanned at Queensf erry 

 by the Forth Bridge, but a ferry 

 service is maintained there and 

 between Granton and Burntisland. 



