FOX 



C. J. Fox, Sir G. Trevelyan, 1880 ; 

 Charles James Fox, J. le B. Ham- 

 mond, 1903; and The Holland House 

 Circle, Lloyd Sanders, 1908. 



Fox, GEORGE (1624-91). Founder 

 of the Society of Friends (q.v. ). He 

 was born at Drayton-in-the-Clay 

 (now Fenny 

 Dray ton), Lei- 

 cestershire, in 

 July, 1624, son 

 of Christopher 

 Fox, a weaver, 

 called by his 

 neighbours 



"righteous MiMiSSMW 

 Christer." His 

 early bent to- George Fox, 

 wards religious English Quaker 

 study suggested to his relatives 

 that he should be made a priest. 

 He was, however, apprenticed to a 

 shoemaker and grazier in Notting- 

 ham. At the age of 19 he began a 

 series of solitary wanderings in 

 which he sought peace of mind 

 from both churchmen and non- 

 conformists, finally to decide that 

 the one great qualification for the 

 ministry was the presence of God 

 in the heart the inspiration of the 

 Inward Light. 



In 1648 he began to preach in 

 public, adopting the terms " thee " 

 and " thou," opposing many social 

 conventions as well as ecclesi- 

 astical formalism, refusing to take 

 oaths, condemning war, and advo- 

 cating a rigid simplicity of dress. 

 By 1658 communities of his fol- 

 lowers were established in all parts 

 of England. Founder and followers 

 were, however, bitterly persecuted. 



In 1669 he married Margaret 

 Fell, of Swarthmore Hall, one of his 

 early converts. He visited Scot- 

 land, 1657; Ireland, 1669; North 

 America and the West Indies, 

 1671-72; and Holland, with Penn 

 and Barclay, 1677 and 1684. 

 Shortly after a meeting at the 

 Friends' Meeting House, Grace- 

 church Street, London, he died 

 close by at the house of Henry 

 Gouldney, in White Hart Court, 

 Jan. 13, 1691, and was interred in 

 the Friends' Burial Ground, White- 

 cross Street, Bunhill Row. / 



A man of sterling character 

 whose practical gifts were dis- 

 played in the organization he 

 gave to the society he founded, 

 his voluminous writings are now 

 seldom read, with the exception 

 of his Journal, which, revised by a 

 committee under the superintend- 

 ence of Penn, first appeared in!694. 

 The MS. was sold at Sotheby's, 

 July 26, 1920, for 1,750, and 

 is now in the possession of the 

 Society of Friends. See Life, 

 T. Hodgkin, 1896 ; The Fells of 

 Swarthmore Hall and their Friends, 

 M. Webb, 1865 ; Fox and the Early 

 Quakers, A. C. Bickley, 1884. 



3283 



Fox, Sm STEPHEN (1627-1716). 

 English courtier and founder of the 

 family of Fox. Born at Farley. 

 Wiltshire, March 27, 1627, he came 

 into touch with Charles II through 

 the Percy family, hi whose service 

 he was. He was very useful to the 

 king in managing his personal 

 affairs during his exile, and after 

 the restoration many offices were 

 given to him. In 1661 he entered 

 Parliament as M.P. for Salisbury, 

 and he remained therein during the 

 greater part of his life, holding 

 offices also under James II, 

 William III, and Anne. For long 

 Fox was paymaster-general, and 

 the profits of this office made him 

 very rich. Some of his wealth was 

 spent in building churches and 

 almshouses, but the bulk of it 

 passed to his sons. He died at 

 Chiswick, Oct. 28, 1716. Fox was 

 the father of the 1st Lord Holland 

 and of Stephen, who was created 

 earl of Ilchester, and the grand- 

 father of Charles James Fox. See 

 Holland, Baron ; Ilchester, Earl of. 



Fox OR FOXE, RICHARD (c. 1448- 

 1528). English statesman and pre- 

 late. Born at Ropesley, Lines, the 

 son of a yeoman, he was for a 

 time at both Oxford and Cambridge. 

 In 1485, in France, he entered the 

 service of Henry VII. He began as 

 the king's secretary, but was soon 

 lord privy seal. Already ordained, 

 and vicar of Stepney, he was made 

 bishop of Exeter in 1487 ; in 1492 

 he was translated to Bath and 

 Wells, and in 1494 to Durham. 

 From 1501 until his death he was 

 bishop of Winchester. 



Fox was Henry's chief adviser, 

 and most of the diplomatic work 

 passed through his hands, includ- 

 ing the momentous marriage and 

 commercial treaties of this reign. 

 Soon after the accession of Henry 

 VIII, however, he lost his power. 

 He was too steeped in the peaceful 

 traditions of Henry VII to ap- 

 prove of the spirited foreign policy 

 of the new era. Wolsey was too 

 strong for him, and he resigned the 

 privy seal in 1516. He died at 

 Winchester, Oct. 5, 1528, being 

 buried in the cathedral. Fox's great 

 work was the foundation of Corpus 

 Christi College, Oxford. At Cam- 

 bridge he was chancellor and 

 master of Pembroke HalL 



Foxe, JOHN (1516-87). English 

 martyrologist. Born at Boston, 

 Lines, and educated at Oxford, he 

 was a fellow of Magdalen, 1539-45. 

 He was a tutor in the Lucy family 

 at Charlecote, and in the Howard 

 family at Reigate. During Mary's 

 reign he lived on the Continent, 

 where he met Knox and other re- 

 formers, publishing in Latin at 

 Strasbourg the first draft of his 

 Acts and Monuments, familiarly 



FOXGLOVE 



known as Foxe's Book of Martyrs. 

 On Elizabeth's accession Foxe 

 returned to England, was ordained 

 priest by 

 Grindal, lived 

 in Grub Street, 

 where he 

 worked on his 

 Acts and 

 Monuments, 

 published in 

 folio by John 

 Daye, 1562- 



63. Hebe- , ho Fo.e, 



came prebend English martyrologiat 

 of Salisbury 



and vicar of Skipton, 1563; and 

 preached at Paul's Cross. He 

 died April 18, 1587, and was 

 buried at S. Giles's, Cripplegate. 

 His principal work was a great 

 favourite with Bunyan, greatly in- 

 fluenced the progress of Protestant- 

 ism in England, and, although 

 bitterly prejudiced, is an example 

 of vivid prose. 



There have been a large number 

 of editions of the Book of Martyrs, 

 and copies of the early ones are 

 very valuable. 



Foxglove. Hardy biennial and 

 perennial plants of the natural 

 order Scrophulariaceae and genus 

 Digitalis. Only 

 one is a native 

 of Great Bri- 

 tain, although 

 there are a 

 nu mber of 

 other species, 

 the majority 

 being of bo- 

 tanical value 

 only, which 

 were intro- 

 duced from 

 Western Asia 

 and Southern 

 Europe. Their 

 height is from 2 

 ft. to 5 ft., and 

 their flowers 

 are purple, 

 pink, white, yel- 

 low, or brown. 

 Foxgloves are 

 raised from 

 seed sown in 



Foxglove. Flower gentle heat in 

 of Digitalis pur- May, the plants 

 purea being moved to 



the open air as soon as they are 

 large enough to be shifted with 

 safety. In sheltered shrubberies 

 and copses a little seed may be 

 sown annually in the open air at the 



rt where it is desired to cultivate 

 plants. In mixed borders fox- 

 gloves should be placed at the back, 

 in association with delphiniums, 

 hollyhocks, sunflowers, and other 

 tall-growing subjects. The wild 

 purple foxglove of our lanes and 

 woods is D.purpurea. See Digitalis. 



