FRAME 



FRANCAVILLA FONTANA 



rosewood, and gold ; but etchings 

 and all prints in which the work is 

 light, sketchy, or delicate should 

 be framed in a plain and simple 

 strip of black or dark wood. Fine 

 prints are better unframed and 

 kept in special portfolios. 



Frame. Term used in en- 

 gineering for a structure built up 

 of members which are joined to- 

 gether. The theory of frames, 

 which deals with the least number 

 of members necessary to keep 

 them rigid, and with the strengths 

 of the individual members, is one 

 of great importance in engineering. 

 In a printing office the wooden 

 structure on which are placed the 

 cases at which a hand compositor 

 works is called a frame. See 

 Mechanics. 



Framework Knitters' Com- 

 pany. London city livery com- 

 pany. It came into existence with 

 the invention of 

 silk stockings, and 

 was granted its 

 first charter by 

 Cromwell in 1657. 

 A second charter 

 was granted by 

 Charles II in 1663 

 to " the wardens, 

 assistants and so- 

 ciety of the art and 

 mystery of Framework Knitters 

 in the cities of London and West- 

 minster, the kingdom of England, 

 and the dominion of Wales." The 

 powers were limited by Parliament 

 in 1753, the hall in Red Cross 

 Street, E.G., was sold in 1821, and 

 the plate in 1861, the proceeds 

 being devoted to the Bourne alms- 

 houses in Kingsland Road. Cor- 

 porate income, 310 ; trust in- 

 come, 352; offices, 18, Essex 

 Street, W.C. See The Framework 

 Knitters, H. C. Overall, 1879. 



Framlingham. Market town 

 of Suffolk, England. It is a station 

 on the G.E. Rly., 22 m. N.E. of 

 Ipswich and 90 m. N.E. of London. 

 S. Michael's Church, with a tower 

 95 ft. hicrh. contains tombs of some 



Framework Knit- 

 ters' Company 

 arms 



Franc. 



Framlingbam, Suffolk. Walls o! the ruined castle, 

 with the workhouse built when the castle was dis- 

 mantled in the 17th century 



Frith 



of the Howards, including that of 



the earl of Surrey, the poet. The 



castle is a fine ruin. The remains 



include a 



gateway, 



the outer 



walls, 13 



towers, and 



a moat; it 



was the 



strongh old 



of the Bi- 



gods, and 



later of the 



Howards, both families holding the 



earldom of Norfolk, in the lands of 



which the place lay. 



Framlingham College is a 



Sablic school in large grounds, 

 uilt to commemorate the Prince 

 Consort, it was opened in 1865 

 as the Albert Memorial College. 

 Framlingham is an old place, 

 having existed before Roger Bigod 

 built a castle here about 1100. 

 Its history is really that of 

 the castle, which was more than 

 once forfeited by the Howards, but 

 restored to them. They lost it 

 finally in the 17th century. Market 

 day, Sat. Pop. 2,400. 



Frampton, SIR GEORGE JAMES 

 (b. 1866). British sculptor. He 

 studied under W. P. Frith, and 

 at the R.A. 

 schools; later, 

 under P. Mer- 

 cie and Dag- 

 nan - Bouveret 

 in Paris. He 

 first exhibited 

 at the R.A. 

 in 1884, was 

 elected A. R.A. 

 1894, and R.A. 

 1902, and 



knighted in 1908. As a decorative 

 sculptor he is in the front rank, ex- 

 celling in polychromatic figure work 

 and architectural skill. Among his 

 works are the bronze memorial 

 to Charles Mitchell, 1898; S.George, 

 1899; statue of Queen Victoria, 

 Calcutta, and the Edith Cavell (q.v.) 

 memorial in London, 1919. 



Franc. French 

 silver coin, the 

 unit of the French 

 decimal monetary 

 system. The name 

 comes from the in- 

 scription Franco - 

 rum Rex, king of 

 the Franks, on the 

 obverse of the gold 

 coin issued by John 

 II in 1360. It was 

 then the equivalent 

 of the livre, and 

 consisted of 20 sols. 

 Gold francs were 

 also coined by 

 Charles V of France, 

 and in 1575 Henry 



III issued silver francs. In 1641 

 Louis XIII substituted the silver 

 louis, but the name of the franc 



Left to right, reverse sides of French, Belgian, and Swiss 

 francs, actual size 



survived the actual coin and was 

 long synonymous with the livre. In 

 "1795 the franc was again estab- 

 lished, superseding the livre, and, 

 consisting of 100 centimes, remains 

 the unit of French currency, the 

 standard being the gold piece of 

 20 francs. 



An integral part of the metric 

 system of weights and currency, 

 its weight is exactly 5 grammes 

 (78 grains), and it is the standard 

 of the Latin Monetary Union (q.v.), 

 which adopted it in 1865. The 

 coin has the same name in Belgium 

 and Switzerland. 20- and 10-franc 



Ees are of gold, 5-, 2-, 1-, and 

 me pieces are of silver. French 

 cs are nominally reckoned at 

 25 to the sterling, but the Great 

 War caused great fluctuations of 

 value. See Coinage. 



Francais, ANTOINE (1756-1836). 

 French politician. He was born at 

 Beaurepaire and sat in the legis- 

 lative assembly of 1791, noted as a 

 bitter anti-clerical. Under the con- 

 sulate he was prefect of Charente- 

 Inferieure, and held high fiscal 

 positions ; he was made count by 

 Napoleon, and died March 7, 1836. 



Francais, FRANCOIS Louis (1814 

 -97). French painter. Born at 

 Plombieres, Vosges, Nov. 17, 1814, 

 he studied art under Corot and 

 Jean Gigoux. Among his works are 

 A Song under the Willows, with 

 figures by Baron, In the Park of 

 St. Cloud, with figures by Meis- 

 sonier, An Italian Sunset, in the 

 Luxembourg, and decorations in 

 the Church of the Trinity. He died 

 at Paris, May 28, 1897. 



Francatelli, CHARLES ELME 

 (1805-76). British cook. Born in 

 London of Italian parentage, 

 Francatelli became, in turn, cook 

 to several noblemen, to Crockford's 

 Club, and to Queen Victoria. His 

 fame as a cook of the highest skill 

 was widespread, and he published 

 The Modern Cook, 1845; The 

 Plain Cookery Book for the Work- 

 ing Classes," 1861 ; and other 

 works. He died Aug. 10, 1876. 



Franca villa Fontana. Town of 

 Italy, in the prov. of Lecce. It is 

 22 m. by rly. E.N.E. of Taranto 

 and trades in oil, wine, and leather 

 goods. Pop. 21,527. 



Sir George Frampton, 

 British sculptor 



