FRANTZ 



of antiquities in the British Mu- 

 seum, he became keeper of 

 medieval antiquities and ethno- 

 graphy, 1866. He was fellow, 1853, 

 director, 1858-67, 1873-80, and 

 president, 1891-97, of the Society 

 of Antiquaries, was made F.R.S., 

 1874, and K.C.B., 1894. He applied 

 large private means to purchasing 

 porcelain and other objects of 

 Oriental and medieval art, and en- 

 larging the Henry Christy ethno- 

 graphical collection. His own ac- 

 quisitions were mostly presented or 

 bequeathed to the British Museum. 

 He died in London, May 21, 1897. 



Frantz, KOHSTANTIN (1817-91). 

 German publicist. From 1852-56 

 he was in the Prussian diplomatic 

 service, but he retired in the latter 

 year and turned his attention to 

 the study of sociology and political 

 economy. He advocated a union 

 of the Central European powers 

 against the rest of the world, and 

 considered the future of the world 

 to rest largely with Germany. His 

 principal works are Der Foederalis- 

 mus als das leitende Princip fur die 

 soziale, staatliche und intemation- 

 ale Organisation, 1879 ; Die Welt- 

 politik, 1882-83 ; and a contribu- 

 tion to Schuchardt's Die Deutsche 

 Politik der Zukunft, 1899. 



Franzen, FBANS MffiAEL(1772- 

 1847). Swedish poet. Born at 

 Uleaborg, Finland, Feb. 9, 1772, 

 and educated at Abo University, 

 where he was later a professor of 

 history, he left Finland in 1811, 

 after the country had passed into 

 the hands of Russia. He was for 

 many years rector of a parish in 

 Stockholm, and in 1834 was made 

 bishop of Hernosand. He was one 

 of the most widely appreciated of 

 Swedish hymn -writers, and his ode 

 to Count C. P. Creutz, the Finnish 

 poet, was crowned by the Swedish 

 Academy. He died Aug. 14, 1847. 



Franzensfeste , An old fortress, 

 one of a line of fortifications con- 

 structed to defend the Austrian 

 frontier in Tirol. It commanded 

 the railway line which passes be- 

 tween Innsbruck and the Brenner 

 Pass and through the valley of the 

 Puster to Klagenfurt. 



Franz Josef. Glacier in the 

 Southern Alps of New Zealand. 

 It flows to within 600 ft. of sea 

 level and discharges into the Waiho 

 river only 15 m. from the sea. It 

 is 8J m. long. 



Franz Josef Land. Archipelago 

 in the Arctic Ocean, lying N. of 

 Novaia Zemlia and N.E. of Spits- 

 bergen in lat. 80 to 82 N. and 

 long. 42 to 64 E. The archipe- 

 lago consists of about 100 small 

 islands, the chief of which are 

 Graham Bell Land, Wilczek Land, 

 McClintock Island, Alexandra Land 

 and Crown Prince Rudolf Land. 



3319 



They are mountainous, of volcanic 

 origin, and largely glacier-covered; 

 but on the shores and other fav- 

 oured spots, mosses, poppies, saxi- 

 frages and other Arctic plants grow. 

 The loftiest point rises to 2,800 ft. 

 Bears, walruses, seals, foxes, and a 

 large variety of birds inhabit the 

 islands. 



Discovered by the Austrian ex- 

 plorers, Payer and Weypreoht, in 

 1872-73, the islands were further 

 explored by Leigh Smith in 1881- 

 82, the Jackson -Harmsworth ex- 

 pedition in 1895-96, and by the 

 duke of Abruzzi's expedition in 

 1899-1900. The sea, on the N. is 

 called Queen Victoria Sea ; the 

 wide opening S. of it is known as 

 the British Channel, and its 

 westernmost point is Cape Mary 

 Harmsworth. The islands are un- 

 inhabited. 



Frauzos, KARL EMIL (1848- 

 1904). German novelist. He was 

 born, the son of a Jewish doctor, in 

 Podolia, Oct. 25, 1848. Having 

 educated himself, he entered the 

 legal profession, but left it for 

 journalism. After living for some 

 years in Vienna, he settled in Ber- 

 lin, where he founded, in 1886, 

 the fortnightly review, Deutsche 

 Dichtung. His many works of 

 fiction deal largely with the 

 Jewish life of the country of his 

 upbringing, and abound with pa- 

 thetic incidents. Notable among his 

 novels are The Jews of Barnow, 

 1877, Eng. trans. 1882 ; For the 

 Right, 1882, Eng. trans. 1887 ; and 

 Der Prasident, 1884, Eng. trans., 

 The Chief Justice, 1890. In his 

 Aus Halb-Asien, 1876, are many 

 sketches of life in S. Russia and 

 Rumania. He died Jan. 28, 1904. 



Frascati. City and summer 

 resort of Italy. In the prov. of 

 Rome, it stands on the slopes of a 

 wooded hill, at an elevation of 

 about 1,000 ft., 15 m. by rly. S.E. 

 of Rome. The cathedral, founded 

 in 1700, contains a tablet to the 

 Young Pretender, 

 interred here in 

 1788. Among the 

 many magnificent 

 residences are the 

 villas Aldobrand- 

 ini, Ruffinella, 

 Torlonia, Lance- 

 lotti andBorghese. 

 In the neighbour- 

 hood are the re- 

 mains of numerous 

 ancient villas, an 

 amphitheatre, a 

 theatre, and a re 

 servoir belonging 

 to the town of 

 Tusculum, which 

 was destroyed in 

 1191. Between 

 the ruins of the 



PHASER 



ancient city and Frascati, the 

 villa of Cicero once stood, and 

 on its site some monks in the llth 

 century built a convent. Frascati is 

 famous for its wine. Pop. 10,577. 



Fraser. River of Canada, in 

 the prov. of British Columbia. 

 Rising in the Yellow head Pass in 

 two branches, it flows N.W. for the 

 first 160 m. of its 800 m. course ; it 

 then takes a hairpin bend round 

 the head of the Cariboo Mte., re- 

 ceiving the waters of the Nechaco 

 at Fort George, and flows almost 

 due S. until it reaches Hope, after 

 which it flows W. to its outlet in 

 the Strait of Georgia at New West- 

 minster. Important tributaries are 

 the Thompson, Stuart, Nechaco, 

 Chilcotin, Bridge, and Blackwater ; 

 among the lakes drained are the 

 Stuart, Fraser, Fran9ois, and Ques- 

 nel. It is notable for the salmon 

 fisheries and hatcheries. It is navig- 

 able for only 80 m. from its mouth. 

 Theareaof the basinis!38,000sq.m. 



Fraser. Name of a famous 

 Scottish family. It is supposed to 

 be a corruption of Frisel and to be 

 of Norman origin. Early Frasers 

 settled in the south of Scotland in 

 the 12th century, but soon they 

 moved northwards and established 

 themselves in the shires of Inver- 

 ness and Aberdeen. They became 

 very numerous, being one of the 

 most powerful of the Scottish clans. 

 Among the places owned by the 

 Frasers was Lovat, and one of 

 them, Hugh Fraser, was made Lord 

 Lovat about 1430. He was a grand- 

 son of Sir Simon Fraser, sheriff of 

 Tweeddale, and from him are de- 

 scended the later lords Lovat and a 

 number of other branches of Fra- 

 sers. Another branch of Frasers is 

 now represented by Lord Saltoun, 

 whose family name is commem- 

 orated in Fraserburgh. See Lovat, 

 Lord ; Saltoun, Lord. 



Fraser, JAMES (1818-85). Brit- 

 ish prelate. Born at Prestbury, 

 Gloucestershire, Aug. 18, 1818, the 



Frascati, Italy. Colonnade and cascade in the gardens of 

 the Villa Aldobrandini 



