FREDERIKSBERG 



3329 



FREE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND 



v Frederiksberg. Residential 

 suburb in the S.W. of Copenhagen. 

 The royal palace, erected by Fred- 

 erick IV, on a commanding emin- 

 ence, is now utilised as a military 

 college. There are a fine park, zoo- 

 logical gardens, museum, and pic- 

 ture gallery. It is the seat of the 

 royal porcelain factory, and there 

 are also extensive breweries. Pop. 

 97,237. See Copenhagen. 



Frederiksborg. Royal palace 

 of Denmark. It is built on a group 

 of small islands in a lake near 

 Hillerod, in the district of Frede- 

 riksborg, in Zealand, 21 m. by rly. 

 N.N.W. of Copenhagen. Erected 

 in the 17th century by Christian 

 IV on the site of an older castle, 

 it was restored and embellished 

 after a fire in 1859, and now houses 

 a national historical museum. 

 Several Danish monarchs have 

 been crowned in the chapel. 



Frederikshald (formerly Hal- 

 den). Seaport of Norway, in the 

 fy Ike or co. of Olstf old. It stands at 

 the mouth of the Tistedal river, at 

 its junction with the Ide Fiord, 

 58 m. direct and 85 m. by rly. S.S.E. 

 of Christiania. Twice burnt down, 

 it has been rebuilt in modern style. 

 A great timber depot, it also exports 

 wood pulp, marble, granite, and 

 fish. It has sugar refineries and to- 

 bacco and boot factories. The har- 

 bour is safe and commodious. 



The town, which was besieged by 

 the Swedes for two years (1658-60), 

 is defended by two fortresses, the 

 famous Frederiksten, founded by 

 Frederick III in 1661, and the Gyl- 

 denlove, near which Charles XII of 

 Sweden was killed by a musket ball 

 while besieging the town in 1718. 

 It was surrendered to Bernadotte 

 in 1814. Pop. 12,000. 



Frederikshavn. Seaport of 

 Denmark, on the N.E. coast of Jut- 

 land. It stands on the Cattegat, 23 

 m. by rly. E. of Hjorring, and its 

 fine ice-free port, the second best 

 port in Jutland, is a harbour of 

 refuge. Its exports include butter, 

 bacon, eggs, cattle, pigs, meat, and 

 fish. It is connected by regular 

 sailings with Sweden and England. 

 A mere fishing hamlet in 1818, its 

 population in 1 920 was 7 ,9 1 6. The 

 former name was Fladstrand. 



Frederiksstad. Seaport of Nor- 

 way. It stands at the mouth of the 

 Glommen river, 58 m. by rly. S.E. 

 of Christiania. A centre of the 

 timber trade, it exports pit-props, 

 planks, bricks, tiles, nails, and 

 granite. There are shipbuilding 

 yards and rly. and chemical works. 

 The old town was built by 

 Frederick II in 1570 and strongly 

 fortified. Pop. 15,626. 



Freebench. Term used in Eng- 

 lish law. It is the dower to which a 

 widow is entitled, by the custom of 



varies according to the custom of 

 the manor. Sometimes the widow 

 takes the whole of the copyholds 



the manor, out of her deceased hus- Free Church of England. Title 

 band's copyholds. The amount assumed at various times by con- 



' gregations which have separated 

 from the Church of England on 

 doctrinal or other grounds. It is 

 for her life, occasionally half. The more especially applied to a small 

 general rule is one-third; but it sect which originated about 1844 in 

 may be less. In most manors the Devonshire as a protest against the 



OxfordMovement. 

 It has bishops, 

 who derive their 

 succession from 

 Bishop Greig, who 

 seceded from the 

 American Church. 

 Its doctrines are 

 ultra-Low Church, 

 and it uses a 

 slightly modified 

 version of the 

 Book of Common 

 Prayer It is now 

 almost extinct in 

 Great Britain. 



Free Church 

 of Scotland. 

 Name adopted 

 originally by those 

 members of the Established Church 

 of Scotland who severed them- 

 selves from that body in 1843. It is 

 now that of a church dating from 

 1900, and claiming to be the 



Frederiksborg, Denmark. Courtyard of the royal palace, 

 rebuilt after the fire of 1859 



widow forfeits her free bench upon 

 re-marriage, and, in some, by un- 

 chastity. 



Freeboard. The part of a 

 vessel's side above her water-line 

 or line of flotation. 



Free Church. Term adopted 

 for the various denominations for- century a controversy arose in the 

 merly known as dissenters. They Established Church of Scotland, 

 claim to possess entire freedom in The outstanding points at issue 

 choice of doctrine, church govern- were patronage and liberty of in- 

 ment, and the appointment of 



original Free Church. 



In the third decade of the 19th 



ministers ; but most of them are 

 more or less controlled by the 

 terms of the title deeds to their 

 property. 



Free Church Council. Central 

 organization in England and Wales 

 the object of which is to federate 

 the various Free Churches. Offici- 

 ally styled the National Council of 

 Evangelical Free Churches, it pro- 

 motes united efforts in the evange- 

 lisation of the people, and strives to 

 prevent overlapping. It originated 

 shortly before 1892 in a Free 

 Church Congress held in Man- 

 chester, and numerous congresses 

 and annual gatherings have been 

 held since. The Free Church 

 Council has been conspicuous in 

 connexion with many religious and 

 social movements. It has orga- 



dividual congregations to reject 

 ministers presented to livings. A 

 Veto Act was passed in 1834 by the 

 General Assembly, satisfying the 

 objectors on these two questions. 

 The famous Auchterarder case, 

 decided in the Court of Session, 

 1838, and confirmed by the House of 

 Lords, 1839, deprived congregations 

 of their right to reject a presentee. 

 The controversy then became 

 acute. Petitions and appeals were 

 made without any result. 



The dissatisfied group, known as 

 the non-intrusion party, meeting at 

 the annual assembly in Edinburgh, 

 May, 1843, decided to withdraw 

 from the gathering and marched to 

 Tanfield Hall at Canonmills. There 

 they formed the first Free Church 

 Assembly, electing Rev. Thomas 

 Chalmers as moderator. This con- 



nized district councils or federa- stituted what is termed the disrup- 



tions all over England and Wales 

 and has employed evangelists to 

 conduct missions throughout the 

 country, the most notable being 

 Gipsy Smith (q.v. ). Delegates to its 

 annual conference are chosen 

 locally by the Free Churches. A 

 body known as the federal council 

 of free churches was proposed in 

 1919. The headquarters are at the 

 Memorial Hall, London, E.G. See 

 Nonconformity. 



tion. In the same month 396 minis- 

 ters and professors signed an act of 

 separation, renouncing all claims to 

 the benefices held under the Estab- 

 lished Church. The signatures 

 ultimately numbered 474. This act 

 of demission represented a voluntary 

 surrender of an aggregate annual 

 income of something like 100,000. 

 The new Free Church started a 

 sustentation fund, erected new 

 churches, and before long became a 



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