FREIGHT 



3339 



FREMONT 



S. of Strasbourg. Its older streets 

 are narrow and almost ruinous, 

 but there are numerous handsome 

 modern thoroughfares, and some 

 fine public buildings. The Gothic 

 cathedral, known locally as the 

 minster, is one of the most com- 

 plete specimens of its kind, and its 

 tower is celebrated for its delicate 

 beauty of outline. '" 



The university, founded in 1455, 

 has an excellent library ; there are 

 a fine archbishop's palace, ducal 

 palace, and merchants' house, and 

 spacious botanical gardens. The 

 principal manufactures are cotton - 

 thread, sewing silk, paper, and 

 chicory, and there is a fairly ex- 

 tensive trade in wine and timber. 

 Long a possession of the house of 

 Hapsburg, the town was on several 

 occasions ceded to France, notably 

 in the 17th and 18th centuries, 

 finally becoming a part of Baden 

 in 1806. Pop. 83,324. 



Freight. Word derived from 

 the Dutch, and meaning originally 

 the burden or cargo of a ship. 

 Hence it came to mean the rate 

 paid for the carriage of goods by 

 sea, and in this sense it is now 

 chiefly employed. It is used in the 

 U.S.A. for the carrying of goods by 

 land, and railway freights is a 

 common term, while a freight train 

 is the equivalent of the goods train 

 of Great Britain. 



Freiherr. German title. It 

 means free man or free lord, its 

 origin being like that of baron. At 

 first it was given to a man who held 

 land, until in the 16th century the 

 emperors began to bestow it as 

 a mark of favour. All German 

 sovereigns until 1918 retained the 

 right to create Freiherren, who 

 rank after the counts or Graf en. 

 The title is hereditary. See Baron. 



Freiligrath, FERDINAND (1810- 

 76). German poet. Born at Det- 

 mold, Lippe, June 17, 1810, his first 

 volume of poems appeared in 1838. 

 Beginning with Ein Glaubensbe- 

 kentniss (A Confession of Faith), 

 1844, he wrote some of the finest 

 of Germany's revolutionary songs. 

 After the failure of the revolution, 

 he was an exile in London, until 

 the amnesty of 1866. He died 

 March 18, 1876. 



Freising. Town of Germany, 

 in Bavaria. It stands on the left 

 bank of the Isar, 18 m. N.N.E. of 

 Munich, and its chief industries are 

 the making of agricultural machin- 

 ery, brewing, and printing. Its 

 main interest is historic, as it was 

 an important ecclesiastical centre 

 in the Middle Ages. The cathedral, 

 parts of which date from the 

 12th century, was restored and 

 altered in the 17th century. There 

 are several churches, including 

 S. Benedict's, a Rathaus, and the 



palace of the bishops, now a college. 

 Near the town was a Benedictine 

 abbey. Otto of Freising, the 

 chronicler, was bishop here in the 

 12th century. Pop. 14,946. 



Frejus (anc. Forum Julii)\ 

 Town of France in the dept. of Var. 

 It stands on the Gulf of Fr6jus, 

 22 m. S.W. of Cannes, and is an old 

 Roman station containing many 

 Roman remains. It has been an 

 episcopal see since the 4th century, 

 and parts of the cathedral date 

 from the 12th century. A sea- 

 port of some importance in ancient 

 times, the silting of the river 

 Argens has now filled the harbour, 

 and the town is a mile from the 

 coast. Pop. 4,200. 



Fremantle. Seaport of W. Aus- 

 tralia. It stands at the mouth of 

 the Swan river, 12 m. S.W. of 

 Perth, with which it has rly. and 

 river communication. It has a 

 deep and well-equipped harbour, 

 and is a port of call for European 

 mail boats. Among the chief build- 



From 1888-91 he was commander- 

 in-chief in the E. Indies ; from 

 1892-95 in China, and from 1896- 

 99 at Plymouth. In 1889 he was 

 knighted, and he retired with the 

 rank of admiral. 



Fremantle, SIR SYDNEY ROBERT 

 (b. 1867). British sailor. The 

 eldest son of Admiral Sir E. R. 

 Fremantle, he 

 was born, Nov. 

 16, 1867. In 

 1881 he entered 

 the navy and 

 in 1903 became 

 a captain. In 

 1915 he served 

 in the Darda- 

 nelles, being in 



command of 

 the Russell 

 when she was 

 s u n k. After- 

 wards he was 

 the naval staff 



Sydney R. 

 Fremantle, 

 British sailor 

 Photo. Butitll 



'chief of 

 was 



made deputy chi< 

 F, from which he 



Fremantle, Western Australia. The entrance to the 

 harbour 



ings are a fine town hall, institute, 

 public library, and an asylum. Its 

 industries comprise smelting, iron 

 founding, sawmilling, and boat 

 building, and there are flour mills, 

 breweries, tanneries, and leather 

 manufactures. Wheat is largely 

 exported. The town is divided into 

 three districts. Pop. 21,670. 



Fremantle, SIR EDMUND RO- 

 BERT (b. 1836). British sailor. 

 Born in London, June 15, 1836, he 



was a younger 



son of the 1st 



Lord Cottes- 



loe. Educated 



at C h e a m 



School, he en- 

 tered the navy 



in 1849, and 



saw a good 



deal of ser- 

 vice. He was 



in Burma in 



1852, in New 



Zealand 1864- 



66, and in Ashanti, where he was 

 severely wounded, in 1873-74. In 



1885 he became a rear-admiral ; in 



1886 he was made second in com- 

 mand of the Channel Squadron. 



Sir Edmund Fre- 

 mantle, 

 British sailor 



Photo. Rustell 



transferred in 1919 to command a 

 battle squadron of the Atlantic 

 Fleet. He was 

 I then a rear-ad mi - 

 j ral. In 1919 he 

 was knighted, and 

 he has written on 

 the science of his 

 profession. 



Fremitus (Lat. 

 roaring noise). Vi- 

 brations produced 

 in the chest when 

 the patient 

 speaks, and in 

 certain abnormal 

 conditions, such 

 as some forms of 

 pleurisy or catarrh, simply by 

 breathing. They are detected by 

 placing the palm of the hand flat 

 upon the chest, and their presence 

 or absence may form useful diag- 

 nostic signs of disease. 



Fremont, JOHN CHARLES (1813- 

 90). American explorer. Of French 

 extraction, he was born at Savan- 

 nah, Georgia, 

 Jan. 21, 1813. 

 Graduating at 

 Charlestown 

 College, 1836, 

 he accom- 

 panied a rly. 

 survey party 

 through Geor 

 gia, N. Caro- 

 lina and Ten- 

 nessee in 1837. 



and surveyed Nebraska, Dakota, 

 Minnesota, and Iowa, 1838-40. 

 From 1842-54 he explored Oregon, 

 California, and New Mexico, in 

 which states he made rly. surveys 

 and did much to open up the far 

 west to settlers. 



A senator in 1850, he was nomi- 

 nated Republican candidate for the 

 presidency in 1856, but his anti- 



