FREYTAG-LORINGHOVEN 



3349 



FRICTION 



Baron yon Freytag- 



Loringhoven, 

 German soldier 



Die Journalisten (The Journalists), 

 1853, and Soil und Haben, 1855 

 (Eng. trans. Debit and Credit, 

 1857), dealing with middle-class 

 life, established his fame. 



In 1864 came Die Verlorne 

 Handschrift (The Lost Manu- 

 script), a successful description of 

 the university life of the day. In 

 the six parts of Die Ahnen (The 

 Ancestors), 1872-80, he traced in a 

 cycle of tales the evolution of the 

 German social character. The first 

 part was translated into English as 

 Our Forefathers, 1873. He died 

 at Wiesbaden, April 30, 1895. 



Freytag-Loringhoven, ALEX- 

 ANDER, BARON VON (b. 1849). Ger- 

 man soldier and writer. Born at 

 Rio de Jan- 

 eiro, May 5, 

 1849, he be- 

 longed to an 

 o 1 d Prussian 

 family; his 

 father was a 

 diplomatist. 

 He was edu - 

 cated at the 

 universities of 

 D o r p a t and 

 Berlin, entered 

 the army in 1868, and served in the 

 Franco-Prussian War. He became 

 quartermaster-general in the field 

 when Falkenhayn was chief of 

 staff (1915-16). Later he was ap- 

 pointed deputy-chief of the general 

 staff in Berlin. In 1917 he pub- 

 lished Deductions from the World 

 War. It was a candid explanation of 

 the German failure and mentioned 

 the methods by which Germany 

 proposed to win "the next war." 



Frezenberg. Village of Belgium, 

 in the prov. of W. Flanders, 3 m. E. 

 by N. of Ypres. Conspicuous in the 

 fighting in the Ypres salient in the 

 Great War, it was the scene of a big 

 German attack, May 8-9, 1915. A 

 few days before, the Allied line had 

 been withdrawn to the Frezenberg 

 ridge, which commanded all the 

 roads from Ypres by which men and 

 stores were brought to that part of 

 the salient. Yielded up to the 

 Germans in April, 1918, it was 

 finally retaken in the battle for the 

 Belgian coast in the autumn of 

 1918. See Ypres, Battles of. 



F.R.G.S. Abbrev. for Fellow of 

 the Royal Geographical Society. 



F.R.H.S. Abbrev. for Fellow of 

 the Royal Historical Society and 

 Royal Horticultural Society, which 

 are sometimes written F.R.Hist.S. 

 and F.R.Hort.S. 



Friar (Fr. frere, brother). Term 

 applied to members of the mendi- 

 cant orders of the Roman Catholic 

 Church. These have included Fran- 

 ciscans, 1209; Dominicans, 1215; 

 Carmelites, 1245 ; Augustinians, 

 1256; Servites, 1233; Trinitarians, 



1198; and Crutched or Crossed 

 Friars, 1169. See Monasticism ; 

 consult also The Coming of the 

 Friars, A. Jessopp, 1889. 



Friars Crag. Hill overlooking 

 Derwentwater, famous for its view. 

 It is on the E. side of the lake, about 

 1 m. from Keswick. On it is a 

 memorial to Ruskin. 



Friar Tuck. Character in the 

 stories associated with Robin Hood. 

 He is described as chaplain to the 

 outlaw. In the old time morris 

 dance of the May games he at- 

 tended upon Robin and Marian, 

 the King and Queen of the May 



F.R.I.B.A. Abbrev. for Fellow 

 of the Royal Institute of British 

 Architects. 



Fribourg OR FREIBURG. Canton 

 of W. Switzerland. It is S.E. of and 

 in parts touching Lake Neuchatel. 



and hills. The 13th century church 

 of S. Nicholas is famed for its fine 

 organ and its 15th century belfry. 

 Fribourg possesses a town hall, 

 university, college, lycee, several 

 libraries, and a museum of fine arts. 

 Tobacco, pasteboard, leather, and 

 art objects are manufactured. The 

 town was founded in the 12th 

 century. After passing to Savoy, 

 it joined the Confederation in 1481. 

 It was taken by the French in 1798. 

 Pop. 20,394. 



Fricassee (Fr.). Dish of boiled 

 chicken or other meat, cut up and 

 served in a white sauce. 

 Cookery. 



Fri court. Village of France, in 

 the dept. of Somme. It stands on 

 the stream of that name, 5 m. E. 

 of Albert. Captured by the British 

 July 2, 1916, it was recaptured by 

 the Germans, 

 i March, 1918, and 

 i retaken by the 

 Allies in the follow - 

 ing Aug. See 

 Somme, Battles of 

 the. 



Friction(Lat., a 

 rubbing). Resist- 

 ance offered by one 

 body to motion 

 over another. As 

 an example, con- 

 sider a body resting 

 on a table. It re- 

 quires a certain 

 force to move it 

 along the surface of 

 the table, and also 

 to keep it moving. 



Chiefly in the The magnitude of this force de- 

 pends upon two things: (1) the 

 material of which the substances 

 are made, and (2) the normal pres- 



Fribourg, Switzerland. The town and suspension bridge 

 across the Saane river 



Area, 644 sq. m. 

 basin of the Aar, it is watered by 

 the Saane with its tributaries, and 

 the Broye. Undulating in parts, it 



is hilly in the S.E., where it impinges sure between the touching sur 



on spurs of the Bernese Alps, which ' 



rise to 8,000 ft. Mainly pastoral, it 



is noted for its cattle and cheese. 



French is generally spoken; German 



in the N.E. section of the Canton. 



There are hot springs at Bonn 



and Montbarry. Timber and 



tobacco are produced, watch and 



paper-making are carried on, and 



there is a chocolate factory at 



faces. In 1781 C. A. Coulomb 

 pointed out that the friction was 

 independent of the velocity with 

 which the surfaces moved over one 

 another. Though his statement is 

 now known to be inaccurate, it is, 

 nevertheless, true for all ordinary 

 velocities, though friction increases 

 when bodies are moving very 

 slowly over one another, and de 



Broc. A Roman Catholic strong- creases when they are moving very 



- rapidly. Friction between two 

 bodies is greatly decreased by the 

 use of lubricants. 



It is easier to keep a body moving 

 on a surface than it is to start it 

 moving, and it follows that what is 

 known as statical friction, i.e. fric- 

 tion at rest, is greater than kinetic 

 friction, or friction of motion. There 

 is a third type of friction usually re- 



hold, it has many convents ; its 

 cantonal constitution is not so 

 democratic as that of the other 

 cantons. Fribourg, the capital, is 

 the only town of importance. 

 Pop. 144,000. 



Fribourg. Town of Switzer- 

 land, capital of the canton of 

 Fribourg. It stands on the river 

 Saane, 20 m. by rly. S.W. of Berne. 



A lofty suspension bridge spans cognized. When a wheel or cylinder 



the river at the confluence with the rolls on a surface, there is resistance 



Gotteron stream. The Saane cuts to motion at the point of contact, 



the town into two parts, that on and this is called rolling friction, 

 the W. side standing on level Friction is of great importance 



ground, and the other among rocks in everyday affairs. Without it it 



