FRIGATE BIRD 



3354 



FRISIAN ISLANDS 



Frigate Bird (Fregata aquila). 

 Sea-fowl related to the gannet and 

 the pelican. It has a long, slender 



Frigate Bird. Specimen of the larger 

 species found in tropical regions 



body, ending in a forked tail re- 

 sembling that of the swallow, and 

 the beak is long and hooked. 

 Found only in the warmer seas, 

 usually far from land, it lives upon 

 the fish that it catches or robs 

 from other sea-fowl. 



Frightfulness. Anything lead- 

 ing to fright or terror. The word 

 came to have a special meaning 

 during the Great War as translating 

 the German Schrecklichkeit. The 

 German theory of war taught that 

 the ends could be most quickly se- 

 cured by deliberate terrorism, and 

 this policy of frightfulness inspired 

 many of their actions in Belgium 

 and France. See Atrocities. 



Frilled Lizard (Ghlamydo- 

 saurus). Australian lizard. Mea- 

 suring nearly a yard in length, it is 

 distinguished by a large mem- 

 branous frill on either side of the 

 neck. This is usually folded back, 

 but can be erected when the animal 

 is alarmed, apparently for the pur- 



Eose of frightening its enemies, 

 b is a harmless creature, found 

 only in sandy districts. 



Frilling (old Fr. friller, to 

 tremble). Pleated edging for 

 dresses or undergarments. In the 

 18th century, to frill meant to 

 shiver, and frilling was at first an 

 edging of lace or some material so 

 light that it shook with movement. 

 Later it meant a narrow edging of 

 lace pleated into a band and sewn 

 into the neck and sleeves of dresses. 



Frimaire (Fr., the month of 

 frost). Third month in the year 

 as rearranged during the French 

 Revolution. It began on Nov. 

 21 or 22. See Calendar. 



Frimley. Urban dist. and vil- 

 lage of Surrey, England. It stands 

 on the Blackwater, 2 m. S. of Cam- 

 berley, on the L. & S.W.R. In 

 the Aldershot area, it is mainly a 

 residential district. A farm colony 

 of 15 acres for sailors and soldiers 

 suffering from tuberculosis was or- 

 ganized here in 1920. Pop. 13,673. 



Fringe. Strictly, loose threads 

 forming an ornamental border to 

 anything, e.g. the fringe of a gar- 

 ment. The word is also used for 

 hair cut straight across the fore- 



head. It is used by analogy for 

 anything on the border, e.g. the 

 fringe of empire. See Frilling. 



Fringe Tree (Chionanthus). 

 Genus of shrubs or small trees of the 

 natural order Oleaceae. Natives 



''. 



Fringe Tree. Foliage and drooping 

 flower of the Chinese shrub 



of China and N. America, they 

 have large, smooth, magnolia-like 

 leaves, and white, sweet-scented 

 flowers which hang in graceful 

 clusters ; the corolla is cut into 

 narrow segments, which give it a 

 fringed appearance. C. virginica, 

 the American species, is also 

 known as snowdrop-tree. 



Frinton- on-Sea. Urban dist. 

 and seaside resort of Essex, Eng- 

 land. It is 2 m. S. of Walton-on-the- 



FriUed Lizard. ChU 



i Kir 



bom Australia 

 Naze, on the G.E.R., and has good 

 bathing facilities and golf links. 

 A model garden town, its avenues 

 are wide and are planted with trees. 

 Sea walls and promenades have 

 been constructed, and a pleasure 

 ground of 50 acres. Pop. 1,510. 



Fripp, SIR ALFRED DOWNING 

 (b. 1865). British surgeon. Born 

 Sept. 12, 1865, he was educated at 

 Merchant Tay- 

 lors' School, and 

 took his degrees 

 in medicine at 

 London Uni- 

 versity. He 

 served in the 

 South African 

 War, where 

 he was chief 

 civilian medical 

 officer at the 

 Imperial Yeo- 



Sir Alfred D. Fripp, 

 British surgeon 



Rut tell 



manry hospital. Surgeon to Guy's 

 and other London hospitals, he 

 was also surgeon to the king 

 In 1903 he was knighted. 



Frisches Haff. Lagoon off the 

 N. coast of Prussia. It is separated 

 from the Gulf of Danzig by a strip 

 of land 40 m. long and about one 

 mile wide, called the Frische 

 Nehrung. The lagoon or haff is 

 about 50 m. long and of varying 

 breadth ; it covers 330 sq. m. 

 The opening to the outer sea is at 

 the N.E. end, where a channel has 

 been dredged for traffic. Before 

 1510 the lagoon was entirely land- 

 locked, but in that year a storm 

 destroyed a little of the sand 

 barrier. The Elbing, Passarge, 

 Pregel, and Nagot flow into the 

 Haff, while the port of Elbing is 

 5 m. from it. 



Frise. Village of France, in the 

 dept. of Somme, 9m.W. of Peronne. 

 Heavy fighting took place between 

 the French and the Germans here, 

 Jan.-Feb., 1916. It was captured 

 by the former under Foch, July 2, 

 1916, retaken by the Germans in 

 March, 1918, and finally recovered 

 by the Allies the following Aug. 

 See Somme, Battles of the. 



Frisian Islands. Chain of 

 islands extending from the coast of 

 Slesvig-Holstein, Denmark, to the 

 southern mouth of the Zuider Zee 

 in Holland. They are the remains 

 of a former coast-border of Jutland 

 and Holland, and their sandy 

 character and lack of vegetation 

 attest the process of erosion they 

 must have undergone in the course 

 of centuries ; local legends tell of 

 old villages now submerged. Most 

 are popular German sea-bathing 

 resorts. 



The chain may be divided into 

 three groups, North Frisian, East 

 Frisian, and Dutch. The North 

 Frisian Islands lie off the W. 

 coast of Slesvig-Holstein, from 

 which they are separated by the 

 Watten, an arm of the sea. 

 Interspersed among them are the 

 Halligen, low sandbanks covered 

 with marine grass. 



The principal member of the 

 group and the largest German 

 island in the North Sea is Sylt, 

 which has an area of 39 sq. m. 

 and a population of 4,800. Its 

 capita] is Westerland (pop. 2,400), 

 situated on its W. side, consisting 

 of two portions, Alt-Westerland, 

 and the more modern Neu- Wester- 

 land, separated from the sea by a 

 chain of sand-dunes and a stone 

 embankment. Next in importance 

 is the island of Fohr, on the E. 

 coast of which lies the village of 

 Wyk (pop. 1,800), which possesses 

 an interesting museum of Frisian 

 antiquities and handsome public 

 gardens. Amrum, 6 m. long by 



