FUENTE OVEJUNA 



3368 



FUERTEVENTURA 



cubic ft. of gas, from which are ex- 

 tracted, before it is passed into the 

 mains for distribution to the con- 

 sumer, tar and ammonia. Power 

 can then be obtained from the gas 

 (and more gas can be made from 

 the coke, if desired) by using it to 

 drive gas engines, while the other 

 products remain to be worked up 

 into fertilisers, dyes, drugs, and 

 other things. In usual gasworks 

 practice the carbonisation is 

 carried out at comparatively high 

 temperatures (up to 2,300 F.), but 

 if lower temperatures are em- 

 ployed (down to 750 F.), the pro- 

 ducts are different in quantity and 

 quality. The residue "soft" coke, 

 containing more volatile matter, is 

 more suitable as a domestic fuel 

 than the hard coke from coke ovens 

 and gasworks retorts, while there 

 are light and heavy fuel oils that can 

 be used for the production of power 

 in internal-combustion engines. 



Another plan is to pass air 

 and steam over incandescent car- 

 bon, and to use the resulting " pro- 

 ducer " gas in gas engines. A 

 producer can be fitted with appara- 

 tus for recovering ammonia, the sale 

 of which will meet a substantial part 

 of the fuel bill. It is also possible 

 to improve the result by employ- 

 ing the heat of the exhaust to 

 generate steam in a waste-heat 

 boiler, and using this steam in a 

 turbine. In this way the propor- 

 tion of the heat of the coal con- 

 verted into power may be raised 

 to 25 p.c., but on the other hand 

 the plant becomes more compli- 

 cated and expensive. 



The relative advantages of these 

 different methods must be esti- 

 mated according to the circum- 

 stances of each particular case. 

 Economy of heat does not neces- 

 sarily mean saving of money ; the 

 cost of the plant required to secure 

 the heat economy may swallow up 

 all the advantage. If production 

 of power on a large scale is the 

 object in view, the coal-fired steam 

 boiler with steam turbine is the 

 simplest arrangement, and may be 

 the cheapest, even allowing for the 

 revenue derived from the sale of the 

 products recovered with any car- 

 bonisation process. See Coal ; Oil. 



Fuente Ovejuna. Town of 

 Spain, in the prov. of Cordova. It 

 stands on an eminence in a fertile 

 district, 45 m. by rly. N.W. of Cor- 

 dova, and is encompassed by 

 ramparts. It trades in honey, wine, 

 fruit, grain, and cattle ; and leather, 

 bricks and tiles, preserved meat, 

 and soap industries are carried on. 

 A stock fair is held yearly. Near 

 by are silver and lead mines, and 

 stone quarries. Fuerlte Ovejuna is 

 reputed to be the ancient Mellaria, 

 famed for its honey. Pop. 13,470. 



Fuenterrabia. City of Spain, in decided upon.' - The 7th division 

 the prov. of Guipuzcoa.lt stands on crossed the river Turones, while 

 a peninsula, near the mouth of the the light division resisted the on- 



river Bidassoa, 10 . , , ,..,,,, 1 .^ m - -^- - 



m. E.N.E. of San 

 Sebastian on the 

 Paris-Madrid Rly. 

 It is a picturesque 

 old-walled town, 

 with a 10th cen- 

 tury castle, nar- 

 row streets, and 

 curious houses. 

 The modern part, 

 facing the estuary, 

 is coming info 

 vogue as a summer 

 resort, with fishing 



rjters and in- 

 trial suburbs. 

 Ropes, fishing 

 nets, and paper 

 are made, and there are also flour 

 and saw mills. 



Fuenterrabia was taken several 



Fuenterrabia, Spain. The walled fortress which guarded 

 the entrance to the old city 



coining foe, squares of infantry 

 slowly retreating before surging 

 masses of horsemen. At length the 



times by the French, but its most new line was formed and an 

 noted siege was in 1638, when the artillery duel ensued. Meanwhile, 



1 there was a terrific battle in 

 Fuentes itself, where the houses 

 were used to good purpose. From 

 part of this the few British troops 

 were driven, but, strongly rein- 

 forced, they managed to keep to 

 some of their positions until the 



French under Conde were defeated 

 here. To celebrate this event a festi- 

 val is held every year on Sept. 8. 

 It was opposite Fuenterrabia that 

 Wellington crossed the Bidassoa, 

 Oct. 8, 1813. Pop. 4,976. 



Fuentes d'Onoro, BATTLE OF. 



Fought in the Peninsular War be- evening, when the battle ended 

 tween the English and the French, without a decision. The English 

 May 3 and 5, 1811. Fuentes is a and their Spanish auxiliaries lost 

 village in the prov. of Salamanca, about 1,500, including 300 prison- 

 Spain. It stands on a hill, near the ers ; the French casualties were 

 Portuguese frontier, 15 m. by rly. somewhat less. See The War in 

 The the 



S.W. of Ciudad Rodrigo. 

 battle was fought because Welling- 

 ton was blockading that fortress, 

 and the French, under Massena, 

 were marching to relieve it. Al- 

 though inferior in numbers, Wei- 



Peninsula, Sir W. F. P. 

 Napier. 



Fuero (Lat. forum). Spanish 

 word meaning a code of laws, or set 

 of privileges, something like the 

 English charter. The Spaniards 



lington decided to fight, and he had many of these fueros, the most 

 drew up his 32,000 men behind a important being the Fuero Juzgo, 

 deep 



stream flowing through a 

 ravine. One French division at- 

 tacked on the 3rd, and there was 

 some savage fighting around the 



the national code of Castile, taken 

 from the Visigoths, but several 

 times revised. It was not known 

 at first as a fuero, for the word 



village, but at the end of the day only came into use in the 10th or 



practically no ground had been llth century, the first fuero being 



won or lost. probably the one granted to Leon 



A day intervened, and then, with in 1020. There were various local 



about 40,000 infantry and 5,000 and municipal fueros, by which 



cavalry, Massena made his great towns and provinces enjoyed cer- 



attack on the 5th. His intention tain privileges, such as the right to 



was to turn, the British right, but, choose their own overlord. The 



foreseeing this,Wellington extended 

 his front until it was seven miles 



three Basque provinces had fueros 

 which made them largely self- 



long. There was some fighting, in- governing until 1876, when these 

 fantry and cavalry mingled in a privileges were taken away. Portu- 

 confused encounter, the British in guese towns had also their fueros. 

 general being worsted. Gradually, See Charter. 



Fuerte ventura. One of the 

 Canary Islands. It lies S.W. of 

 Lanzarote and N.E. of the Grand 

 Canary ; area 664 sq. m. Moun- 

 tainous and barren, it has only two 

 fresh-water springs, and suffers 



in spite of great gallantry, they were 

 forced back, and, as desired, the 

 right was turned, and the 7th and 

 light divisions, that had borne 

 the brunt of this attack, were 

 separated. 



To prevent, therefore, a more from prolonged periods of drought, 

 serious disaster, a new front was The inhabitants are mostly fisher- 



