FUGGER 



3369 



FUKUOKA 



folk. The capital is Santa Maria 

 de Betancuria, and Cabras is the 

 chief port. Pop. 12,960. 



Fugger. Name of a German 

 family of merchants. Johann 

 Fugger, its founder, settled in 

 Augsburg about 1370. A weaver 

 from the neighbourhood, he soon 

 became a merchant and a citizen. 

 His son and grandsons carried on his 

 business of merchants and money- 

 lenders and became very rich. 



Jacob Fugger (1459-1525) was 

 perhaps the most notable member 

 of the family. With his brothers he 

 had mining, banking, shipping, and 

 other interests nearly all over 

 Europe, became the banker of the 

 Hapsburg family, and found the 

 money which secured the imperial 

 throne for Charles V in 1519. His 

 nephew Anton took advantage of 

 the discovery of America to add to 

 his wealth, while the family, among 

 other ventures, farmed the silver 

 and the quicksilver mines in Spain 

 that belonged to Charles V. 



The succeeding members were 

 less interested in business, but re- 

 mained personages of wealth and 

 importance. They were divided into 

 various branches ; some entered 

 the Church, at least two becoming 

 bishops ; others were soldiers ; 

 others scholars and patrons of art. 

 Three branches of the family exist 

 to-day, and before the changes of 

 1918 the head of each was a mem- 

 ber of the Bavarian Upper House. 

 One Fugger was made a prince 

 in 1803 ; the others are counts. 

 There are several memorials of the 

 Fuggers in Augsburg, including the 

 Fuggerei. See Augsburg. 



Fugitation (Lat. fugitare, to 

 flee). Term used in Scots law for 

 the act of declaring a person a 

 fugitive from justice. If a person 

 charged with a crime fails to ap- 

 pear to answer the charge, he 

 can be declared outside the law. 

 His goods then become the pro- 

 perty of the crown. 



Fugitive Offenders Act, 1881 

 (Lat. fugitlvus, runaway). Law 

 operative throughout the British 

 empire. By it a person accused of 

 having committed a crime in any 

 part of the king's dominions may 

 be arrested in any other part and 

 sent back to the place where he is 

 wanted. The Act only applies to 

 offences punishable by imprison- 

 ment with hard labour for 12 

 months or more. See Extradition. 



Fugitive Slave Laws. Two 

 laws of the U.S.A. providing for 

 the recovery of runaway slaves. 

 The first, passed in 1793, enabled 

 the owner of a slave who had 

 taken refuge in a non-slave state 

 to recover his property on applica- 

 tion to a magistrate for a warrant. 

 As the anti-slavery feeling grew in 



intensity in the northern states 

 the Act was evaded or nullified 

 by the passing of state laws for- 

 bidding state officials to assist in 

 enforcing this law of the federal 

 government. As a result of insis- 

 tent demands from the slave- 

 owning states, a new law was passed 

 in 1850, by which the obligation was 

 imposed on federal officials to en- 

 force the law. Sec. Slave Trade. 



Fugleman (Ger. Fliigel, awing). 

 Corruption of Fliigelmann, i.e. a sol- 

 dier on the wing of a body of troops. 

 At drill he advanced in front of 

 the line to give the time in the 

 exercises with the musket. 



Fugue (Fr. from Ital. j'uga, 

 flight). Important form of contra- 

 puntal music akin to the round and 

 canon (q.v.), but much more free. 

 Here are only given definitions of 



Fujiyama. The famous mountain of Japan viewed from 

 Omiya village 



the chief terms used in connexion 

 with fugue-form, readers being 

 referred to musical works for full 

 elucidation. The subject is the 

 chief theme, announced by all the 

 voices or parts in turn, but it is 

 called the answer when it has the 

 dominant as its key-centre instead 

 of the tonic ; the answer is called 

 real when it is an exact transposi- 

 tion of the subject, or tonal when 

 certain modifications take place in 

 order to avoid a too great diver- 

 gence from the original key. The 

 countersubject is the counterpoint 

 which accompanies later entries 

 of subject and answer. The first 

 complete set of entries of all the 

 parts is the exposition. Subjects 

 are sometimes inverted,augmented, 

 or diminished. 



A counter-exposition is a further 

 set of entries in a different order 



Fugue 



from that of the exposition. An 

 episode is a free section introduced 

 as a relief from the stricter portions 

 of, a fugue. A stretto contains 

 entries of subject and answer at 

 shorter time-intervals than at first. 

 A pedal, a long sustained note, 

 usually the dominant or tonic, 

 often accompanies the stretto, and 

 is also used independently. 



Bibliography. Fugue, and Fugal 

 Analysis, E. Prout, 1892 ; Fugue, 

 James Higgs, 1877; Dictionary of 

 Musical Terms, Stainer and Barrett, 

 3rd. ed. 1888. 



Fujiyama, FUSTYAMA OR FUJI- 

 SAN. Loftiest peak in Japan, on 

 the island of Honshiu. Alt. 12,390 ft. 

 A dormant volcano, with a beauti- 

 ful snow-capped cone, it occupies a 

 position of splendid isolation, 60 m. 

 S.W. of Tokyo. According to 

 - tradition it was 

 upheaved during 

 one night in 285 

 B.C., and at the 

 same time a de- 

 ^ pression was 

 caused near 

 Kioto, which is 

 now occupied by 

 Lake Biwa (q.v.). 

 Its crater, nearly 

 3 m. in circum- 

 ference and over 

 500 ft. deep, is 

 now filled with 

 water. 



The last re- 

 corded eruption 

 happened in 

 1707-8. The sacred mountain of 

 Japan, it is annually visited by 

 thousands of Buddhist pilgrims, 

 who ascend to the summit to pray 

 at the numerous shrines. It is 

 frequently portrayed on Japanese 

 pottery, and is a favourite theme 

 with poets and artists. See Cone. 

 Fukui. Town of Japan, on the 

 island of Honshiu. It is the seat 

 of the prefecture of Fukui, and 

 stands on both banks of the river 

 Ashiwa, 80 m. N.N.E. of Kioto. 

 It has thriving silk and paper 

 industries, and is an educational 

 centre. There are several other 

 towns of this name in Japan. Pop. 

 58,100. 



Fukuoka. Town of Japan, on 

 the island of Kiushiu. It stands 

 at the head of a small stream on 

 the N. coast, 86 m. by rly. N.N.E. 

 of Nagasaki. Its suburb, Hakata, 



~4 



Subject. 



Tonal 





