FURNESS ABBEY 



3380 



FURNISS 



Furness Abbey. Rains of the 12th century monastic buildings of one of the wealthiest and most powerful abbeys 

 in pre-Reformation England, since 1920 the property of the nation 



Photochrom 



Edward Withy, of Hartlepool, 

 the firm being known as Furness, 

 Withy & Co., and soon estab- 

 lished a huge business as ship- 

 builders and engineers. He was 

 Liberal M. P. for Hartlepool, 

 1891-95, contested York City in 

 1898, and represented Hartlepool 

 in 1900-10. Knighted in 1895, he 

 was raised to the peerage in 1910 as 

 Baron Furness of Grantley. In 

 religion a Methodist, Furness was 

 responsible for several philan- 

 thropic schemes and started a co- 

 partnership scheme among his em- 

 ployees. He owned over 30,000 

 acres in Yorkshire. He died Nov. 

 10, 1912, and was succeeded by his 

 son Marmaduke (b. 1883), who 

 was created a viscount in 1918. 



Furness Abbey. Picturesque 

 ruins, 1 m. S. of Dalton, Lanca- 

 shire, England. Situated on the 

 banks of a small stream, in a 

 wooded valley, close to a station on 

 the Furness Rly., the}' include 

 part of the Transitional Norman 

 nave, Early English chapter house. 

 Decorated transepts, and Perpen- 

 dicular belfry and presbytery. In 

 the abbot's chapel are two 12th 

 century effigies of knights in 

 armour. The abbey, dedicated to 

 S. Mary, was founded in 1127 by 

 Benedictines from Normandy, 

 under the patronage of the earl of 

 Morton, afterwards King Stephen, 

 and became Cistercian in 1148. The 

 abbot had feudal powers over the 

 whole surrounding district, and 

 the foundation was richly endowed. 

 In 1920 Furness Abbey was pre- 

 sented to the nation by Lord R. 

 Cavendish. See Furness Past and 

 Present, S. Richardson, 1880. 



Furness Line. British steam- 

 ship company. It was founded by 

 Sir C. Furness, afterwards Lord 

 Furness, in 1877, and is the name 

 by which the various steamers of 

 Furness, Withy & Co. ; the Fur- 

 ness -Houlder 'Argentine Lines ; 

 Warren, Johnston, etc., are popu- 

 larly known. In Sept., 1917, Fur- 

 ness, Withy bought the fleet of 14 



Glen steamers, representing 70,000 

 tons gross. In 1917 the firm pur- 

 chased the Rushbrooke dock pre- 

 mises at Queenstown, and in 1920 

 Bellamy's Wharf and Dock, Rother- 

 hithe. The Compagnie Furness 

 (France) is a subsidiary concern. 



The Furness line has regular 

 sailings from Liverpool to Newport 

 News and Baltimore ; from London 

 to Philadelphia, Montreal, and 

 Halifax; Glasgow to Philadelphia 

 and Boston ; Leith and Dundee to 

 New York and Philadelphia ; Leith 

 and Middlesbrough to Baltimore ; 

 Bombay to Antwerp ; Montreal to 

 Antwerp ; Newport News to Ant- 

 werp ; New York to Havre, etc. 

 Its head office is Furness House, 

 Billiter Street, London, E.C. 



Furness Railway. English rly. 

 line. Its total mileage is 428 m., 

 and it serves the rich mineral dis- 

 trict round Barrow - in - Furness. 

 First opened in 1846, it has been 

 considerably extended ; its work- 

 ing connexion with the Midland and 

 L. & N.W. lines makes it a link 

 in the route r , 

 to the Isle of I 

 Man and Ire - 

 land. It 

 owns docks, 

 wharves, | 

 etc., at Bar- I 

 row, where | 

 are its head- | 

 quarters || 

 and works 

 steamers? 

 the Ulvers- 



ton canal. It is now part of the 

 London, Midland and Scottish Rly. 



Furniss, HARRY (1854-1925). 

 British caricaturist. Born at Wex- 

 ford, of Anglo-Scottish parents, he 

 came to London in 1878. He con- 

 tributed sketches to The Illus- 

 trated London News and other 

 journals. He joined the staff of 

 Punch in 1880, at Burnand's invi- 

 tation, as illustrator of the Essence 

 of Parliament. In this capacity he 

 created the legendary Gladstone 

 collar, the traditional portraits of 



Sir W. Harcourt, Sir Richard 

 Temple, J. G. Swift McNeill, and 

 other mirth-provoking caricatures. 

 His connexion with Punch lasted 

 till 1894, when he started his own 

 weekly, Lika Joko. He illustrated 

 the works of 

 Dickens, 1910, 

 and Thacke- 

 ray, 1911, and 

 also wrote 

 many books, 

 including Con- 

 fessions of a 

 Caricaturist, 

 1901; Harry 

 Furniss at 

 Home, 1903 ; 

 Poverty Bay, 

 a novel, 1905 ; How to Draw in Pen 

 and Ink, 1905. For some years he 

 lectured with great success on The 

 Humours of Parliament through- 

 out the British Isles, Australia, 

 Canada, and the U.S.A., and later 

 wrote several plays for the cinema- 

 tograph. He died Jan. 14, 1925. 

 See Bardell, Mrs. ; Caricature. 



Furniss. One of his famous carica- 

 tures of Gladstone 



