FUSELAGE 



3385 ! 



FUSHUN 



the instant the shell grazes the 

 target (percussion fuse), or it can 

 be " set " to cause explosion of 

 the shell during flight (time fuse). 

 See Am munition ; Detonating Fuse; 

 Explosives ; Safety Fuse ; Shell ; 

 Shrapnel. 



ELECTBIC FUSE. The electric 

 fuse is an important element in 

 the transmission and distribution 

 of electric current. In all practical 



0. 



Fuse. 1. Bare wire fuse. 2 and 3. 

 Asbestos-covered wires. 4. " Car- 

 tridge " variety (as shown in 

 opposite page) 



systems for the distribution of 

 power it is necessary to provide 

 something in the nature of a relief 

 which will operate when excessive 

 local stress or pressure threatens 

 danger to the system. In a steam, 

 water, or air system this relief is 

 provided by safety-valves, supple- 

 mented frequently in the case of 

 steam by fusible plugs. 



In an electrical system the relief 

 is mostly provided by fuses which 

 are designed to carry the ordinary 

 amount of current in a particular 

 circuit, and to melt and break the 

 circuit automatically should the 

 current become so great as to heat 

 the other parts of the circuit beyond 

 the limit of safety. Hence the fuse 

 is made of such materials and 

 dimensions that its resistance is 

 greater than that of an equal 

 length of any other part of the cir- 

 cuit, and in consequence it is 

 always when current is passing 

 at a higher temperature than the 



Fuse. Porcelain holder, in which 

 the fuse is embedded, so that if the 

 latter melts there is no danger of fire 



rest of the circuit, while, its melting 

 point being low as compared with 

 that of the other materials of the 

 circuit, it is ready to give way first. 



The material used for fuses is 

 generally an alloy of tin and lead, 

 bismuth being sometimes added to 

 lower still further the melting 

 point. A fine copper wire is some- 

 times used, while various special 

 kinds of " fuse wire " are prepared 

 by makers. It is important that the 

 fuse, whatever it is, should be so 

 long that when it goes there will be 

 no risk of the formation of a spark 

 across the space formerly occupied 

 by the fuse the current must be 

 completely broken ; also that the 

 material should be such that it 

 melts quietly without throwing 

 splashes of molten metal where 

 they may ignite anything and thus 

 give rise to a fire. Hence the fuse 

 is usually fixed between two hard 

 brass clamps secured on a small 

 slab of porcelain. Frequently the 

 fuse is enclosed bodily in a porce- 

 lain tube or case, while the space 

 about it is packed with some non- 

 conducting material which will 

 effectually prevent the passage of a 

 spark or the formation of an arc 

 between the interrupted terminals 

 when the fuse " blows." 



Fuselage. Central body of a 

 tractor aeroplane. It is derived 

 from the French fusel, as the 

 original body of this type had a 

 certain resemblance to a gigantic 

 shuttle. The term fuselage is most 

 properly applied to the clearly de- 

 fined body of the tractor biplane, 

 but it is used generally to describe 

 the centre part or body of any 

 machine. See Aeroplane, illus. 



Fuseli, HENRY (1741-1825). 

 Anglo -Swiss painter. Born at 

 Zurich, the second son of Johann 

 Kaspar Fuess- 

 ly, artist, and 

 educated for 

 the Church, he 

 had to leave 

 Zurich owing to 

 the enmity of a 

 public official 

 whom he had 

 exposed. He 

 came to Eng- 

 land in 1765 

 and secured the good offices of 

 Sir Joshua Reynolds. On his 

 advice Fuseli studied in Italy from 

 1770-88, and then returned to 

 England. In 1782 he produced his 

 gruesome and notorious picture, 

 The Nightmare. Nine pictures 

 for Boydell's Shakespeare Gallery, 

 and 47 for a Milton Gallery of his 

 own, were his only other achieve- 

 ments. He became R.A. in 1790, 

 lecturer on painting in 1799, 

 and keeper in 1804. He died at 

 Putney, April 16, 1825. 



Henry Fuseli, 

 Anglo-Swiss painter 



Fusel Oil (Ger., bad spirits) OB 

 AMYLIO ALCOHOL. Volatile liquid 

 present in the products of the alco- 

 holic fermentation of saccharine 

 liquids, especially those derived 

 from potato starch. It is a com- 

 plex liquid and varies according to 

 the source of the alcohol, and the 

 proportion obtained is influenced 

 by the activity of the particular 

 bacteria which form amylic alco- 

 hol. Fernbach has developed a pro- 

 cess for increasing the yield of this 

 alcohol, which is required in con- 

 nexion with the manufacture of 

 rubber by synthetic methods. As 

 a rule, however, in commercial pro- 

 cesses, methods by which the for- 

 mation is stimulated are avoided, 

 as its presence in potable spirits 

 is undesirable. To remove even 

 small quantities from whisky pro- 

 longed storage in wooden casks is 

 needed. See Alcohol. 



Fushiki OB FUSHIGI. Seaport of 

 Japan, on the island of Honshiu. 

 It stands on the W. coast, 30 m. 

 N.E. of Kanazawa. Since 1889 it 

 has been a free port. Pop. 19,000. 



Fushimi. Town of Japan, on 

 the island of Honshiu. It is on the 

 river Ujigawa, 5 m. S.E. of Kyoto; 

 and 130 m. S.W. of Niigata. In 

 Jan., 1868, a fierce conflict took 

 place here between the Imperialists 

 and the supporters of the Shogun. 

 Pop. about 20,000. 



Fushimi, PRINCE SAVANARU (b. 

 1858). Japanese prince and soldier. 

 Born April 28, 

 1858, he was 

 head of the 

 oldest of the 

 princely fami- 

 lies of Japan. 

 He served in 

 the wars with 

 China and 

 Russia. He at- 

 tended the fun- 

 eral of King 

 Edward in 1910, and was granted 

 the title of marshal in 1915. 



Fushimi, PRINCE YOROHITO OF 

 HIGASHI (1867-1922). .Japanese 

 prince and sailor. Born on Sept. 19, 

 1867, the son of Prince Kuniiye, he 

 was educated partly in England, 

 attending lectures at the Royal 

 Naval College at Greenwich, and 

 later at the fioole Navale, Brest. 

 He saw active service in the 

 Chino- Japanese War of 1894 and 

 the Russo-Japanese War. In June, 

 1918, he was appointed to the 

 war council, and died June 26, 1922. 



Fushuh. Town of Manchuria, 

 in the prov. of Shengking. It is 

 noted for its coalfields, which are 

 said to be unparalleled for thick- 

 ness and volume of seams, and are 

 estimated to contain 800,000,000 

 tons. The collieries belong to the 

 South Manchuria Rly. Co. 



Prince S. Fushimi, 

 Japanese soldier 



