GALASH1ELS 



Officially renamed the Colon Archi- 

 pelago in 1892, the chief are Albe- 

 marle, Indefatigable, Chatham, 

 James, Hood, Narborough, Bar- 

 rington, Charles, and Abingdon. 

 Albemarle, by far the largest, is 

 60 m. long. The total area of ths 

 archipelago is 2,400 sq. m. 



Most of the surface, which rises 

 from 3,000 ft. to 3,600 ft., is arid. 

 Yet there is a richly endemic flora, 

 and an interesting fauna ; turtles 

 of huge size and giant tortoises 

 are found. Domestic animals run 

 wild ; cotton, figs and oranges, and 

 tobacco plants, introduced by early 

 colonists, are widely distributed. 

 Sulphur exists in large quantities. 

 On Charles Island there is a penal 

 settlement. Pop. 400. 



Galashiels. Mun. burgh and 

 parish of Selkirkshire, Scotland. 

 It stands on Gala Water, near its 



__ confluence with 



the Tweed, 33 

 m. S. by E. of 

 Edinburgh, o n 

 the N.B.R. The 

 chief seat of the 

 Scottish woollen 

 industry, intro- 

 duced towards 

 the end of the 



Galashiels aims 



16th century, Galashiels has im- 

 portant tanneries, dyeworks, and 

 hosiery manufactories. Near by 

 are Abbotsford and Ashestiel, resi- 

 dences of Sir Walter Scott. Mar- 

 ket day, Tues. Pop. 14,531. 



Galatea. In Greek mythology, 

 a sea nymph, one 

 of the daughters of 

 Nereus. She loved 

 the beautiful 

 Sicilian youth Acis 

 (q.v.), who was 

 slain by the jealous 

 C y clops Poly- 

 phemus. Galatea 

 herself is the per- 

 sonification of the 

 bright, calm sea. 

 The name has also 

 been given, in 

 modern times, to a 

 statue endowed 

 with life by the 

 goddess Venus at 

 the prayer of the 

 sculptor* Pygma- 

 lion (q.v.). See 

 Anderson, Mary, 

 illus. 



Galatea. Strong, 

 coloured, cotton 

 c 1 o c h. Used for 

 children's suits or 

 working dresses, 

 the pattern is a 

 plain or fancy 

 stripe, and the 

 weave a twilled 

 one. 



3397 



Galati OR GALATZ. Town of 

 Rumania, in Moldavia. It is situ- 

 ated on an amphitheatre of hills 

 rising on the N. side of the Danube 

 about 10 m. above its junction with 

 the Pruth, and nearly 80 m. N.E. of 

 Bukarest. Before the Great War it 

 was a prosperous place, with a pop. 

 of more than 70,000 in 1915, owing 

 to the improvement of the naviga- 

 tion of the Danube by the Danube 

 Commission. One of the best ports 

 on the Danube, it manufactures 

 iron and copper, and exports large 

 quantities of grain and timber. It 

 was the scene of a defeat of the 

 Russians by the Turks in 1789, and 

 was bombarded in 1916 by the 

 Germans and Bulgarians. 



Galatia. Territory in Asia 

 Minor, comprising part of Phrygia 

 and part of Cappadocia. It was so 

 called from the name of its inhabit- 

 ants, Galatae, who were Gauls 

 belonging to the expedition which, 

 under Brennus, penetrated into 

 Greece in the third century B.C. 

 These Galatian Gauls were an off- 

 shoot from the main host who 

 crossed the Hellespont and over- 

 ran Asia Minor, until checked by 

 Attains I, king of Pergamum 

 (241-197 B.C. ), who compelled them 

 to settle within the limits of the 

 country subsequently known as 

 Galatia. The Galatians became 

 Graecised in culture, but retained 

 their Gallic speech. Under Aug- 

 ustus, Galatia became a Roman 

 province. 



Galatea, the sea nymph, riding in her chariot of shell. 

 From the painting by Raphael 



Farnese Palace, Rome 



GALBA 



Galatians, EPISTLE TO THE. One 

 of the four principal Epistles writ- 

 ten by S. Paul. Like the Epistle to 

 the Romans, it contains the main 

 points of the Apostle's teaching, 

 together with autobiograpbica} 

 matter, which supplements the 

 biographical statements in the 

 Acts. The Epistle raises some diffi- 

 cult problems. The most difficult 

 is the question of its destination. 

 Galatia was used in ancient times 

 to denote both a northern district 

 of Asia Minor and also a southern 

 district, the latter being the Roman 

 province. 



The N.T. does not mention any 

 missionary work undertaken in the 

 northern district. Hence some 

 scholars adopt what is called the 

 North Galatian theory, others what 

 is known as the South Galatian 

 theory. The latter has the support 

 of Sir W. Ramsay, and it is more 

 natural to suppose that the Epistle 

 was addressed to the Church in 

 South Galatia. If this theory is 

 adopted, the Epistle may be sup- 

 posed to have been written from 

 the Syrian Antioch about A.D. 53. 

 See Paul, Saint. 



Galatina. Town of Italy, in the 

 prov. of Lecce. It is 15 m. by rly. S. 

 of Lecce. It has a fine 14th cen- 

 tury church, with sculptures and 

 tombs, besides frescoes by Francesco 

 d' Arezzo. There is trade in oil, wine, 

 leather, and cotton. Pop. 15,400. 



Galatz. Alternative name of 

 the Rumanian town known as 

 Galati (q.v.). 



Gala Water. River of Scotland. 

 It rises among the Moorfoot Hills, 

 and flows through the counties of 

 Selkirkshire and Roxburghshire, 

 until it falls into the Tweed, 1 m. 

 below Galashiels. Length, 21m. 



Galaxy (Gr. galaxias, milky). 

 Greek name for the Milky Way, 

 the great band or zone of stars, 

 following a great circle of the 

 heavens. See Milky Way. 



Galba, SERVIUS SULPICIUS (3 

 B.C.-A.D. 69). Roman emperor. He 

 had held several provincial gover- 

 norships With pr~ 



credit, when, in I 

 June, 68, he | 

 was proclaimed [ Cp&. 

 emperor by the I 

 legions in Gaul, | 

 who had risen k 

 in revolt [ iffc'm j 

 against Nero. 

 He proceeded 

 to Rome, but 

 his reign lasted 

 only till the 

 following December, his harshness 

 and parsimony making him ex- 

 ceedingly unpopular. As a result 

 of a conspiracy he was murdered 

 by the soldiery. 



Servius Galba, 

 Roman emperor 



From a bust 



