GALLARATE 



3402 



GALLERY 



Gallarate. Town of Italy, in 

 the prov. of Milan. It is 25 m. by 

 rly. N.W. of Milan, and a junction 

 for Laveno, Arona, and Valese. 

 It has an llth century Roman- 

 esque church, a technical school, 

 cotton mills, and many textile 

 factories. Machinery, buttons, and 

 cabinet goods are made. At Viz- 

 zola, 6 m. to the W., are electric 

 works, reputed to be the largest 

 in the world. Pop. 15,868. 



Gallas OR GALAS, MATTHIAS 

 (1584-1647). Austrian soldier. 

 He began his military career in 

 the Spanish 

 service. When 

 the Thirty 

 Years War 

 began he en- 

 t e r e d the 

 service of the 

 Catholic 

 League, and 

 bis courage and 

 talent soon Matthias Gallas, 

 carried him to Austrian soldier 



the front. From a print 



One of Wallenstein's chief lieu- 

 tenants, he took command of that 

 general's army when its leader 

 was murdered, a crime in which 

 he was concerned. He won a great 

 victory at Nordlingen over the 

 Swedes in Aug., 1634, and re- 

 mained a leading soldier, but not 

 always a victorious one, almost 

 until the end of the struggle. He 

 was dismissed, but was recalled, 

 only, however, to have his army 

 destroyed, and his final appearances 

 in the field were also failures. 

 Gallas, who became very rich by 

 his plunderings, founded the Aus- 

 trian family of Clam-Gallas. His 

 titles included those of count of 

 the empire and duke of Lucera. 

 His corpulence made him much 

 ridiculed by his enemies. See 

 Caricature, illus. 



Gallatin OR GALLANTIN, ALBERT 

 ( 1761 1 849 ). Swiss- American states- 

 man. Born at Geneva, Jan. 29, 

 HMHHHfiffiRi 1761, he emi- 

 grated to 

 America in 

 1780. For a 

 time he was 

 not very suc- 

 cessful, either 

 as a trader or 

 a teacher, but 

 fortune veered 

 round, and in 

 1789 he was 

 able to take 

 part in the political life of Pennsyl- 

 vania. He was a leader of the so- 

 called Whisky insurrection, and a 

 member of the state assembly for 

 some years. In 1793 Gallatin was 

 elected to the Senate of the U.S.A., 

 but he was declared ineligible on 

 a question of citizenship. This 



After Chappell 



difficulty removed, he took his seat Galleon (Span, aaleon). Spanish 

 in 1795. ship of the 15th, 16th, and 17th 



Soon prominent among the op- centuries. Of large size, sometimes 

 ponents of the Federalists who with three or four gun decks, it was 

 controlled the Government, he won used both for war and in the Indies 

 fame as an authority on financial trade. Owing to their cumbrous 

 matters. This led in 1801 to his build, galleons were awkward to 

 appointment as secretary to the handle, and the lighter, quicker 

 treasury, in which capacity he re- craft of the British seamen were 

 duced the national debt, and did able to defeat them by their better 

 much to improve the country's manoeuvring powers, as was shown 

 financial position. Leaving the by the defeat of the Great Armada, 

 treasury in 1813, he was a com- The name is sometimes used 

 missioner for the treaty of Ghent, loosely of any large ship. A gal- 

 1814. He was minister to France leass was a ship of the galleon type 

 1816-23, and to Great Britain but smaller, and partly propelled 

 1826-7. He retired from public by oars. It had high castles at stem 

 life in 1828 He died at Astoria, and stern and was low in the waist, 

 Long Island, Aug. 12, 1849. See where sat the 300 galley slaves who 

 Life, H. Adams, 1879; J. A. rowed the vessel. 

 Stevens, 1890. 



Gall-bladder. 

 Receptacle on the 

 under surface of 

 the liver. In it 

 bile is stored to be 

 discharged into 

 the intestine 

 during the pro- 

 cess of digestion. 

 See Gall-stones. 



Galle OR POINT 

 DE GALLE. Sea- 

 port of Ceylon, on 

 the S.W. coast of 

 the island. Until 

 the development 

 of the harbour at 

 Colombo, Galle 

 was a port of considerable im- Gallery (Fr. goierie). Upper 

 portance. Its harbour has the ad- floor extending over a part only of 

 vantage of deep water close to the room below it. In secular archi- 

 the land, but it lacks adequate tecture, the use of a gallery may be 

 shelter to make it safe in rough traced, in Great Britain, to the 

 weather. It was founded as Punto Norman keep (q.v.), the hall of 



which was often 

 surrounded by a 

 gallery built into 

 the thickness of 

 the wall. Such 

 galleries were 

 lighted by an 

 upper tier of 

 windows. As a 

 domestic feature 

 the gallery did not 

 attain importance 



Galleon of War such as formed part of the Spanish Armada 



From an old print 



Gallo by the Portuguese in 1518. 

 Pop. (1911) 39,960. 



Galle, JOHANN GOTTFRIED 

 (1812-1910). German astronomer. 

 Born in Pabsthaus, near Witten- 

 berg, he was appointed in 1835 

 to the Berlin observatory, and in 

 1851 professor of astronomy and di- 

 rector of the Breslau observatory, 

 retiring in 1897. He discovered 

 three comets, and was the first to 

 detect Neptune from Le Verrier's 

 directions. See Neptune. 



Gallery oi the banqueting hall in 



Haddon Hall. Derbyshire. Above, 



the Long Gallery, Hatneld House. 



