I 



GALLEY 



3403 



GALLIARD 



till the latter part of the 16th cen- 

 tury, when the Elizabethan Long 

 Gallery was introduced. The 

 earliest example is believed to have 

 been that at Hampton Court, built 

 about 1540. From this time de- 

 signers appear to have aimed at 

 elongating this apartment as much 

 as possible. 



When it became the fashion to 

 collect family portraits and other 

 works of art, the gallery was ths 

 most suitable place for their ac- 

 commodation ; hence the applica- 

 tion of the term to a museum of art 

 treasures. The Elizabethan gallery 

 extended the whole length of the 

 longest whig of the house, and be- 

 ing on the first floor was ap- 

 proached from the hall by the 

 main staircase. It was lighted 

 from the sides as well as the 

 ends, the walls were usually 

 panelled, and the plaster ceiling 

 richly decorated. 



The minstrels' gallery (q.v.), a 

 well-known feature of the hall of 

 the fortified manor house, arose 

 out of the custom of cutting off the 

 entrance end of the hall from the 

 rest by a screen, the roof of which 

 formed a platform where music 

 could be performed. Church in- 

 teriors, in the Middle Ages, were 

 often fitted with galleries, the top 

 of the rood screen being frequently 

 used for that purpose. Galleries at 

 the west end and along the aisles of 

 early 17th century churches were 

 common until Archbishop Laud 

 was charged with the duty of 

 abolishing them. The word is also 

 used for a level or drive hi a mine. 



Galley (late Lat. galea). Six- 

 oared boat in a warship, used by 

 the captain only. It is the largest 



I 



Galley of type as set up before making up into pages 



Galley. In printing, a flat tray 

 made of metal or wood used for 

 holding type after it has been set. 

 It is oblong or quarto in size with 

 flanges on each side and at one end. 

 On the quarto galley the type is 

 made up into page form and 

 secured before it is slid off on to the 

 stone. Impressions of the type 

 secured on the oblong galley by 

 means of side-stick and quoins, are 

 called galley proofs, and the form 

 of press on which the proofs are 

 pulled is known as a galley press. 

 The term galley has been used also 

 to indicate a quantity of type set 

 hi newspaper offices according to a 

 prearranged scale. See Printing ; 

 Type -setting. 



Gall Fly. Group of hymeno- 

 pterous (membrane -winged) in- 

 sects, nearly related to the wasps, 

 and more correctly called gall wasps. 

 They are all of very small size, 

 either black or brown in colour, 

 and in the majority of cases the 

 insect in its larval stage is parasitic 

 on plants. The galls found on the 

 stems and leaves of many trees are 

 often caused by the attacks of these 

 insects ; though certain beetles, 

 flies, and aphides also cause them. 

 The female gall fly pierces the 

 outer skin of the leaf or stem with 

 , her ovipositor, 

 | and leaves an egg 

 : in the wound. 

 ; The presence of 

 j this egg, or of 

 some fluid accom - 

 panying it, causes 

 ; the plant to 

 I develop an ab- 

 normal-growth 



Galley. Reconstruction o! a single-tiered Liburnian 

 galley, founded on the sculptures on Trajan's Column 



single-banked (i.e. not having two 

 oars abreast) boat in the ship. An 

 admiral's boat is called a barge. 

 Large galleys were the earliest 

 form of fighting ship and were so 

 used in the Mediterranean until late 

 in the 16th century. The last great 

 battle between galleys was that of 

 Lepanto. In modern vessels the 

 place where cooking is done is 

 called the galley. See Boat. 



of tissue around 

 it, which soon 

 assumes the ap- 

 pearance of the 

 familiar gall. In 

 this the larva lives 

 and feeds, only 



emerging as it reaches maturity. 

 Each species of gall fly affects 

 one particular plant and keeps 

 to it, and the resulting galls 



which is hard and spherical ; but 

 there are many other and diverse 

 forms found on the oak, including 

 the oak apple. In the wild rose, the 

 gall takes the form of a mossy out- 

 growth, known as a bedeguar, 

 which usually contains several 

 larvae. Many of the gall flies ex- 

 hibit the phenomenon of alterna- 



Gall Fly. Formation on oak-tree 

 by Cynips Kollari 



tive generation, sexual propaga- 

 tion and parthenogenesis taking 

 place in turn. 



Gallia. French fleet auxiliary. 

 Completed hi 1913, of 14,966 tons, 

 she was torpedoed in the Mediter- 

 ranean, Oct. 4, 1916, whilst carry- 

 ing troops. More than 1,000 lives 

 were lost. 



Galliard. Old dance, of a lively 

 character, in triple time. Some 

 writers have quoted it as being of 

 an immodest character, but there 

 is nothing in the music to suggest 

 this. One of the supposed original 

 forms of God Save the King is a 

 galliard by John Bull (1562-1628), 

 of which the melody begins as 

 shown below. 



The galliard was usually associ- 

 ated with the pa van, a stately dance 



Galliard. Opening oJ melody by John Bull 



are characteristic of both plant in duple time, which it followed in 

 and insect. One of the most the suites of the 17th century, 

 familiar is the oak marble gall, After about 1640 the galliard, 



