Gallipoli. The British camp at Gully Beach, a typical piece of scenery on the Gallipoli peninsula 



the Turks where they were the 

 strongest and best prepared. At 

 the same time it is true that the 

 Gallipoli campaign prevented the 

 Turks from concentrating against 

 Russia, and inflicted upon them 

 very heavy losses, totalling, accord- 

 ing to Liman von Sanders, 66,000 

 killed and 152,000 wounded. 



On Nov. 8, 1918, under the con- 

 ditions of the armistice with 

 Turkey, the Gallipoli forts and 

 peninsula were occupied by British 

 troops, and on the following day 

 the first British ships since the 

 outbreak of war passed up the 

 straits for Constantinople. But 

 though the plans of the mine- 

 fields had been surrendered by the 

 Turks, four days passed before 

 Constantinople could be reached 

 a point of importance in weighing 

 any possibility of success in the 

 Allied naval attacks of Feb. and 

 March, 1915. 



Bibliography. Reports of the 

 Dardanelles Commission, 1917-18; 

 Gallipoli Diary, Sir Ian Hamilton, 

 1920; The Dardanelles, Sir C. E. 

 Callwell, 1919; Fiinf Jahre Tiirkei, 

 Liman von Sanders, 1920; Life of 

 Lord Kitchener, Sir G. Arthur, 1920 ; 

 British Campaigns in the Nearer 

 East, E. Dane, 2nd. ed. 1919. 



Gallipoli, LANDING AT. British 

 operation which opened the cam- 

 paign in Gallipoli in April, 1915. 

 After the failure in March, 1915, of 

 their naval efforts to force the Dar- 

 danelles, the Allies attempted to 

 open the Straits by the capture of 

 Gallipoli. After reconnaissances, 

 Sir Ian Hamilton had selected as 

 landing-places the beach at the 

 N.E. corner of Morto Bay, de- 

 signated S ; the beaches on each 

 side of Cape Helles, that on the E. 

 being called V, that on the W. W, 

 and also Lancashire Landing ; the 

 beach above Tekke Burnu, known 

 as X, and also as Implacable Land- 

 ing ; the beach due W. of Krithia, 



called Y ; and the beach at Gaba 

 Tepe called Z and later Anzac. The 

 covering force of the 29th Division 

 left Mudros on the evening of April 

 23, for S, V, W, X, and Y. The 

 landings V, W, and X were to be 

 the main operation, the others 

 being intended to protect the flanks 

 and harass the Turks. 



After concentrating at Tenedos 

 on April 24, the troops stood off 

 Cape Helles before dawn next day. 

 While the warships bombarded the 

 Turks' defences, the attacking 

 force got into small boats and 

 made for the shore. By 7.30 a.m. 

 beach S was captured by the 2nd 

 South Wales Borderers, at the 

 cost of only 50 casualties. The 

 landing on beach Y, undertaken by 

 the King's Own Scottish Borderers 

 and the Plymouth (Marine) bat- 

 talion, R.N.R., was completely 

 successful. So difficult was the 

 terrain that the Turks had thought 

 it unnecessary to defend it, and 

 Lieut-Col. Koe's men scaling the 

 precipitous cliffs established them- 

 selves on the top. Later in the 

 day, however, they were heavily 

 attacked by the Turks, and on the 

 morning of April 26 were com- 

 pelled to re-embark. The with- 

 drawal was safely accomplished, 

 the wounded, stores, and ammuni- 

 tion being saved. The failure of 

 this landing was offset by the fact 

 that the stout resistance of the 

 British contributed to the success 

 of the main operation by detaining 

 in the meantime large Turkish 

 forces at Y. 



Under cover of the guns of the 

 Implacable, the 2nd Royal Fusiliers 

 landed on beach X early in the 

 morning of April 25, and advancing 

 attacked the Turks on Hill 114, 

 between V and W beaches, but 

 were driven back. Reinforced 

 afterwards by two battalions of 

 the 87th brigade, they entrenched 



on a line half a mile round the 

 landing place, and got into touch 

 with the Lancashire Fusiliers on W 

 beach. 



W beach consisted of a strip of 

 sand, 350 yds. long, and from 15 to 

 40 yds. wide, flanked by high cliffs, 

 but with an easier approach over 

 dunes in the centre to the main 

 ridge. The Turks had strongly 

 fortified the place with wire en- 

 tanglements and machine guns. 

 On the high ground beyond were 

 well-sited trenches, and beyond 

 these two strong infantry redoubts. 

 At 6 a.m. on April 25 the 1st bat- 

 talion Lancashire Fusiliers reached 

 the shore under a murderous fire, 

 and supported by the warships 

 broke through the entanglements 

 and, re-forming, attacked the 

 enemy. Undeterred by land mines, 

 they took three lines of trenches by 

 10a.m. Half an hour earlier other 

 troops were disembarked, and 

 before noon a junction was 

 effected with the force on X beach. 

 In the afternoon the Worcester 

 Regiment stormed Hill 138 and 

 the redoubt on it, on the right of 

 the advance, and an attempt was 

 made to join hands with the troops 

 on beach V who had been unable 

 to make headway. As night fell 

 the British in front of beach W 

 held the ground from east of the 

 Cape Helles lighthouse, through 

 Hill 138 to Hill 114, and during the 

 night repulsed several determined 

 counter-attacks. 



Meanwhile the attempt to land 

 on beach V had not gone well. For 

 this the collier River Clyde had 

 been specially prepared for the 

 disembarcation of troops. She 

 had 2,000 men on board Dublin 

 Fusiliers, Munster Fusiliers, half a 

 battalion of Hampshires, the West 

 Riding Field Company, and otjiar 

 troops. The beach, * a strip of 

 sand 350 yds. long and ten wide, is 



