Trebonianus Gallus, 

 Roman emperor 



GALLUS 



governorship of Egypt, was brought 

 to an abrupt conclusion by his dis- 

 grace and suicide at the age of 43. 

 His works, four books of love 

 poems, are lost, but there is no 

 doubt of his eminence in Latin 

 literature. In technique Gallus was 

 ranked with Horace and Virgil ; 

 he brought the elegiac couplet to a 

 high pitch of perfection. 



Gallus, TREBONIANUS. Rom^n 

 emperor, A.D. 251-253. Governor 

 of Lower Moesia during the cam- 



paign of his 



predecessor 

 Decius against 

 the Goths, it is 

 said that his de- 

 liberate failure 

 to effect a 

 junction with 

 Decius led to 

 the defeat and 

 death of the 

 latter in the 

 marshes of the Dobruja. Pro- 

 claimed emperor, he concluded a 

 humiliating peace with the Goths, 

 and proceeded to Rome, but in 

 253 he was defeated and slain at 

 the battle of Interamni (Terni) 

 by the usurper Aemilianus. 



Galluzzo. Village of Italy. It 

 is 3 m. S.W. of Florence, and in 

 the prov. of that name. The Cer- 

 tosa, an old Carthusian monas- 

 tery, lies off the high road about 

 m. beyond the village. It is 

 built on the side of a hill, and has 

 the appearance of a medieval for- 

 tress. Within it are some early 

 Renaissance monuments. Pop. 

 20,000, of whom only about one- 

 third live in the village itself. 



Gallwitz, MAX VON (b. 1852). 

 German soldier. Born May 2, 

 1852, at Breslau, where he was 

 educated, h e 

 became lieu- 

 tenant of artil- 

 lery in 1872, 

 and in 1883-85 

 was attached 

 to the general 

 staff. In 1901 

 he commanded 

 a n artillery 

 brigade, and 

 in 1911 was 

 general of artillery and inspector- 

 general of field artillery. In the 

 Great War he was prominent as 

 one of Hindenburg's subordinates 

 in the battle of the Masurian lakes 

 in 1915. 



In July, 1915, he forced a pas- 

 sage of the river Nareff, cooperat- 

 ing in the general pressure that 

 compelled the Russians to evacuate 

 Warsaw early in Aug. In Oct. he 

 commanded one of the armies which 

 under Mackensen overran Serbia. 

 In 1910 he fought in Galicia against 

 Brusiloff, and later in that year 



Max von Gallwitz, 

 German soldier 



3410 



had command of an army on the 

 Somme. After the battle of the 

 Somme he led the German fourth 

 army in the Verdun area, but was 

 defeated there in Aug.-Sept., 1917, 

 and relieved of his command. He 

 commanded an army group on the 

 W. front in the spring of 1918. 



Gaily, MERRITT (1838-1916). 

 American inventor. Graduating at 

 Rochester University in 1863, he 

 became a Presbyterian minister. 

 Resigning the ministry owing to 

 a throat affection, he took up the 

 study of mechanics, and in 18G9 

 patented the Universal Printing 

 Press, a linotype machine, and 

 over 100 other inventions. He 

 died March 7, 1916. 



Galop (Fr.). Dance popular in 

 England at the end of the 19th 

 century. It is danced to two-four 

 time, the movements being a quick 

 sliding step down the room and 

 then one of rapid revolution. 



Gals ton. Police burgh and 

 parish of Ayrshire, Scotland. It 

 stands on the Irvine, 5 m. E. by S. 

 of Kilmarnock on the G. & S.W.R. 

 The centre of a colliery and agri- 

 cultural district, Galston has 

 muslin, lace, and blanket factories. 

 Market day, Wed. Pop. 5,296. 



Galsworthy, JOHN (b. 1867). 

 British novelist and dramatist. 

 Born at Coombe, Surrey, he was 

 educated at Harrow and at Oxford. 

 Called to the bar in 1890, he prac- 

 tised little, but travelled exten- 

 sively and devoted himself to 

 writing, at first under the pseu- 

 donym of John Sinjohn. His first 

 notable book was a volume of tales, 

 The Villa Rubein, 1900, and from 

 that date he produced a constant 

 succession of novels and plays. 



The Island Pharisees, 1904 ; The 

 Man of Property, 1906 ; The 

 Country House, 1907 ; The Free- 

 lands, 1915, are novels chiefly con- 

 cerned with the contemporary life 

 and ideas of the English landed 

 classes, described with critical 

 shrewdness but with scrupulous 

 fairness. Fraternity, 1909 ; The 

 Patrician, 1911 ; The Dark Flower, 

 1913 ; Saint's Progress, 1919, and 

 In Chancery, 1920, are also note- 

 worthy studies of contemporary 

 life. 



As a dramatist, Galsworthy 

 takes a high place in the modern 

 history of the English stage, his 

 plays being marked always by high 

 technical skill, sincerity of purpose, 

 and intrinsic interest. In them, as 

 in his novels, he turned a searching 

 light on to the accepted social and 

 moral conventions of contemporary 

 society, on the administration of 

 justice, for instance, in The Silver 

 Box, 1906 ; on the relations of 

 capital and labour in Strife, 1909 ; 

 on prison problems in Justice, 



GALT 



1910 ; on politics and principles in 

 The Mob, Manchester, 1914; on 

 the supplanting of the old ruling 

 class in rural life by the new in The 

 Skin Game, 1920. Other note- 

 worthy plays are The Little Dream, 

 1911; The Pigeon, 1912; and A 

 Bit o' Love, 1915. 



Galsworthy has also written 

 short stories and many essays on 

 various subjects. He is widely 

 respected as a publicist, his genero- 

 sity of temper and fine sense of 

 justice bringing him forward often 

 as a champion of humanitarian 

 causes or to call public attention 

 to injustices of the social system. 

 Some of his essays on current 

 problems have been republished in 

 A Sheaf, 1916 ; and Another Sheaf, 

 1919. A collection of his verse was 

 published as Moods, Songs, and 

 Doggerels, 1912. He contributed 

 an introductory study to the 

 Universal Encyclopedia (see p. iii). 

 In Jan., 1918, Galsworthy declined 

 the offer of a knighthood, and 

 during 1919 spent some months 

 lecturing in the U.S.A. on Anglo- 

 American friendship and kindred 

 subjects. See John Galsworthy, 

 S. Kaye Smith, 1916. 



Gait. Town of Ontario, Canada, 

 in Waterloo co. It stands on the 

 Grand river, 24 m. N.N.W. of 

 Hamilton. It is served by the 

 C.P.R. and G.T.R., and electric 

 rlys. connect it with Hamilton and 

 other adjacent towns. Gait is a 

 manufacturing town, electric power 

 being obtained from the Niagara. 

 Its industries include the pro- 

 duction of iron goods, woollen 

 goods, clothing, and flour, and 

 limestone quarrying. Pop. 10,299. 

 Gait, SIR ALEXANDER TILLOCH 

 (1817-93). Canadian statesman. 

 Son of John Gait (q.v.), he emi- 

 grated to Canada in 1835, and took 

 part in the development of Quebec. 

 In 1 849 he entered the Canadian 

 legislature, and from 1858-62 and 

 from 1864-67 was finance minister. 

 ^ He made the 

 I financial ar- 

 rangements of 

 the dominion 

 when e s t a b- 

 lished in 1867, 

 and was its 

 first finance 

 minister. From 

 1880-83 Gait 

 was high com- 

 missioner for 

 Canada in London, and died at 

 Montreal on Sept. 19, 1893. See 

 Life and Times of Sir Alexander 

 Tilloch Gait, 0. D. Skelton, 1920. 



Gait, JOHN (1779-1839). Scot- 

 tish novelist. Born May 2, 1779, at 

 Irvine, Ayrshire, he was a clerk at 

 Greenock, first in the customs and 

 then in a mercantile house. In 



Sir A. T. Gait, 

 Canadian statesman 



