OATEHOUSE 



In the Middle Ages this treat- 

 ment of gateways was maintained, 

 and extended to feudal castles ; 

 bridges were fortified at both ends 

 by powerful gateways ; there was 

 frequently a third gate in the 

 middle of the bridge, where toll 

 was exacted. Architecturally, they 

 conformed to the prevailing Gothic 

 style. The 14th century gate at 

 Dinan and the contemporary Porte 

 Guillaume at Chartres may be 

 cited. More modern gateways call 

 for no special remark, but much 

 beautiful ironwork was lavished 

 on gates in the 18th century, the 

 military use of the gateway having 

 then disappeared. 



Gatehouse. Structure above 

 and on each side of a gateway. It 

 was used to guard the solid bridge 

 or drawbridge that gave access to 

 the medieval castle or fortified 

 manor house. The Gatehouse of 

 Westminster was built in 1370 bv 

 Walter de Warfield within the pre- 

 cincts of the abbey on a site now 

 occupied by the Crimean Memorial. 

 Used as a prison by Whitgift in 

 connexion with the eccles. courts, 

 and by the Star Chamber, it was 

 here that Sir Walter Raleigh spent 

 the night before his execution and 

 that Sir John Eliot, the poets Love- 

 lace and Savage, and many other 

 eminent men, were incarcerated. 

 After serving as a debtors' prison 

 the Gatehouse was demolished in 

 1776, but one of its walls remained 

 until 1836. See Westminster. 



Gate-legged Table. Tables 

 with two flap leaves which, when 

 raised, are supported by a frame- 



Gate-legged Table of oak with the 

 flaps raised 



By courtesy of Waring & Oillow 



work consisting of two perpendicu- 

 lar legs, joined by two horizontal 

 bars, somewhat resembling a gate, 

 hinged to the main framework of 

 the table. They were introduced in 

 England soon after the Restoration, 

 and retain their popularity. 



Gates, HORATIO (1728-1806). 

 American soldier. Born at Maldon, 

 Essex, he took part in Braddock's 

 expedition against Fort Duquesne, 

 and settled in Virginia until the 

 outbreak of the War of Independ- 

 ence, when he joined the colonists. 

 He was chiefly responsible for the 

 operations which led up to Bur- 

 goyne's surrender at Saratoga, 



3446 



1777, though, 

 Schuyler and 

 Arnold also 

 deserve credit. 

 Elated by this 

 success, he 

 seems to have 

 entertained the 

 idea of ousting 

 Washington 

 from his com- 

 mand. After a 



period of retirement he took the 

 field again to oppose Cornwallis's 

 invasion of the Central States, but 

 a complete defeat at Camden, 1780, 

 ended his militarv career. He died 

 at New York, April 10, 1806. 



Horatio Gates, 

 American soldier 



GATESHEAD 



_. the corporation maintains an asy- 

 lum, swimming baths, hospital for 

 infectious diseases, cemeteries, an 

 art gallery, and recreation grounds. 

 Among the recreation grounds are 

 Saltwell Park (52 acres), with a fine 

 sheet of water ; Windmill Recrea- 

 tion Grounds (11 acres); Tyne Vale 

 Park (1J acres); and the Sunder- 

 land Recreation Ground (2 acres). 

 The industries resemble those of 

 Newcastle and include shipbuild- 

 ing, iron and engineering works, 

 and the making of glass and 

 chemicals. The N.E.R. has large 

 shops in the town. There is some 

 shipping, coal being exported. The 

 town has a service of electric 



Gateshead arms 



Gatehouse, Westminster, before its demolition in 1776 



From an old print 



Gateshead. County bor. and Conqueror, 

 seaport of Durham, England. It 

 stands on the S. bank of the Tvne, 



opposite New- ^ , 



castle, on the 

 main line of the 

 N.E.R. The chief 

 buildings are the 

 cruciform church 

 of S. Mary, a 15th 

 century edifice, 

 rebuiltinthelSth, 

 the town hall, 

 erected in 1868, the public librar 

 built in the English 

 Renaissance style, [ 

 and the Shipley [ 

 Gallery, a classical 

 building contain- 

 ing a fine collection 

 of pictures, the gift 

 of Joseph A. D. 

 Shipley. The town 

 also possesses a 

 secondary school, 

 mechanics' insti- 

 tute, Abbot me- 

 morial industrial 

 school, children's 



hospital, and jjjj^ ^1 



nurses' home and | 

 dispensary, while Gateshead, Durham 



bridges (one a 

 swing bridge) 

 span the river. In 

 the vicinity, on 

 the river Team, 

 are Ravensworth, 

 opposite Gates- 

 head Fell; Stella 

 Hall, an Eliza- 

 bethan mansion; 

 a.nd the ruins of 

 Prudhoe Castle. 



Gateshead is an 

 ancient town, and 

 in Roman times 

 was called Gabro- 

 stentum. At the 

 Conquest it was 

 a place of im- 

 portance. Bishop 

 Wale her, a native 

 of Lorraine, made 

 a bishop by the 

 ! murdered here 

 in the llth century. The town's 

 first charter dates from 1164, and 

 it was incorporated in 1661. It 

 was then, as it had been since 

 Norman times, under the au- 

 thority of the bishop of Durham. 

 It became a parl. bor. under 

 the Reform Act of 1832, a 

 num. bor. in 1835, and a co. bor. 

 in 1889. One member is returned 

 to Parliament, and it is governed 

 by a mayor and corporation. 

 Pop- (1921) 124,514. 



