GAUZE 



3451 



GAWSWORTH 



Gauze. Thin, transparent fabric 

 of silk or cotton, and either plain 

 or figured. True gauze is woven 

 in a distinctive manner. Adjoin- 

 ing warp threads are crossed over 

 each other by the action of a 

 speoial harness in the loom. Spital- 

 nelds and, later, Paisley were long 

 noted for their silk gauze manu- 

 factures. The word is possibly 

 derived from Gaza, in Palestine, 

 whence it was first introduced. 



Gavami( 1804-66). French cari- 

 caturist. He was born in Paris, Jan. 

 13, 1804, his real name being Guil- 

 laume iSulpice 

 Chevalier. He 

 adopted the 

 pseudonym of 

 Gavami from 

 the village of 

 G a v a r n i e , 

 Hautes - Pyre- 

 nees, of which 

 he showed a 

 drawing at 

 the Salon, 

 1829. Settling 

 in Paris, he soon became well 

 known for his elegant drawings of 

 fashionable women in La Mode, 

 started in 1830 by Emile de Girar- 

 din. Joining the staff of Charivari, 

 however, he disclosed his remark- 

 able talent for caricature. 



In 1849 he visited England, pro- 

 ducing Gavarni in London for The 

 Illustrated London News, and his 

 lithograph, The Highland Piper, 

 his masterpiece in this style. He 

 died at Auteui], Nov. 24, 1866. 

 He illustrated Eugene Sue's The 

 Wandering Jew, Balzac's novels, 

 and other books. 



Gavarnie. Village of France, 

 in dept. of Hautes-Pyrenees. Lying 

 12 m. S. of Luz-S. Sauveur, it is 

 famed for the vast cirque of Ga- 

 varnie, a mountainous amphi- 

 theatre with a cascade 1,515 ft. in 

 height. 



Gavarni, 

 French caricaturist 



Gavarnie, France. Part oli the 



Cirque, showing the cascade 1,515 ft. 



in height 



Gavelkind (A.S. 

 gafol, tribute, cynd, 

 kind). English 

 name for a form of 

 land tenure found 

 in Kent and some- 

 times elsewhere. 

 Its main feature 

 is that in cases of 

 intestacy the land 

 passes to all the sons 

 equally. This form 

 of tenure is and has 

 been common out- 

 side England, and 

 was customary in 

 the country before 

 the Norman Con- 

 quest. Land held in 

 gavelkind could be 

 disposed of by will, 

 and was not for- 

 feited by treason. 

 The widow's dower 

 is one-half, not one- 

 third. One theory 

 is that William the 

 Conqueror granted 

 this privilege t o 

 the people of Kent 

 in return for their valour. -See 

 Land Laws ; Primogeniture. 



Gaveston, PIERS (d. 1312). 

 Favourite and foster-brother of Ed- 

 ward II of England. Son of a Gas- 

 con knight, he gained complete 

 ascendancy over the young prince, 

 but his insolence having alienated 

 the great barons he was banished 

 by Edward I. On Edward II's ac- 

 cession in 1307 he was recalled and 

 created earl of Cornwall, and in 

 1308 was appointed regent during 

 his patron's absence hi France. 

 After acting as lieutenant of Ire- 

 land he was again compelled to 

 leave the kingdom. In 1311 he re- 

 turned to England, and in 1312 

 surrendered at Scarborough, was 

 seized by the earl of Warwick, and 

 beheaded on Blacklow Hill, near 

 Warwick, June 17, 1312. 



Gavial OR GHARIAL. Member of 

 the crocodile family, distinguished 

 from the others by its very long 

 and slender snout. It is common in 

 India, where it sometimes attains 

 a length of twenty feet, and lives in 

 the larger rivers. It feeds upon 

 fish, and is rarely known to attack 

 land animals, which may possibly 

 be the reason why certain Hindu 

 sects regard it as sacred. Remains 

 belonging to this family have been 

 found in Tertiary deposits. 



Gavotte (Fr.). Graceful old 

 dance in duple time, beginning on 

 the second half of the bar. Many 

 examples are to be found in the 

 suites (q.v.) of Bach and other 

 18th century composers. There are 

 often two gavottes, the first one to 

 be played again after the second. 

 Sometimes the isecond gavotte is 



Gavotte. One of the graceful steps in the courtly 

 Jance of the 16th and 17th centuries 



called a muse tte(<7.t>.). Gavotte was 

 the dance of the Gavots or people 

 of the Pays de Gap. It was 

 danced at the French Court in the 

 16th century and was more than 

 once altered to suit new ideas. 



Gavrelle. Village of France, in 

 the dept. of Pas-de-Calais. It is on 

 the Arras-Douai road, 9 m. N.E. 

 of Arras. Fierce fighting took 

 place here between the British and 

 Germans, April 23-26, 1917, it 

 being an important position on the 

 N. side of the Scarpe between 

 Roueux and Oppy (q.v.). It was 

 retaken by the Germans in March, 

 1918, and recovered by the British 

 in Aug., 1918. See Arras, Battles of. 



Gawaine, SIR. One of the 

 Knights of the Round Table hi the 

 Arthurian legend. He was the son 

 of King Lot of Orkney, and nephew 

 of King Arthur. He inadvertently 

 slew a woman early in his knight- 

 hood, and was thereafter bound 

 to fight in woman's quarrels. 



Gawler. Town of S. Australia. 

 It is 23m. N.E. of Adelaide, 

 and the centre of a wheat and vine 

 growing area, yielding also gold, 

 silver, lead, and copper. It con- 

 tains engineering works and foun- 

 dries, flour mills, and breweries. 

 Pop. 4,037. 



Gawsworth. Village of Che- 

 shire, England. It is 3 m. S.W. 

 of Macclesfield, and formed part 

 of the estate of Gawsworth and 

 Bosworth, belonging to the earl of 

 Harrington, sold by public auction 

 at Macclesfield, Jan. 28, 1920, for 

 nearly 250,000. 



The ruins of the Old Hall, a 

 building dating from the 14th 



