3456 



Geelong, one of the most important towns o! Victoria, Australia 



of which there is wharfage capable 

 of taking ships of the largest 

 tonnage. It has paper works, 

 cement works, limestone quarries, 

 ropeworks, and tanneries. The first 

 place in Australia to attempt wool- 

 len manufacture, it now has woollen 

 mills, including some carried on by 

 the government. Until the dis- 

 covery of gold Geelong was the 

 second city in Victoria. Pop. 30,652. 



Geelvink Bay. Inlet on the 

 N.W. coast of Papua, in Dutch 

 New Guinea, between Cape Mamori 

 and Cape D' Urville. It pene- 

 trates 120 m. inland, and is 150 m. 

 wide at its entrance. The bay con- 

 tains several islands, the chief being 

 the Schouten Islands and Jobi. 



Geer, Louis GERHARD, BARON 

 DE (1818-96). Swedish statesman 

 and writer. Born at Finspang, he 

 became president of the supreme 

 courts in 1855. He was minister of 

 justice, 1858-70, and again in 

 1875, and while occupying that 

 position introduced the measure 

 establishing two chambers with 

 popular representation, 1866. From 

 1876-80 he was president of the 

 ministry. He was the author of 

 many volumes of essays, stories, 

 and biography, and published a 

 volume of Reminiscences in 1892. 



Geestemiinde. Seaport of Ger- 

 many, in the Prussian prov. of 

 Hanover. It stands on the estuary 

 of the Weser, at the mouth of the 

 Geeste, 35 m. N.N.W. of Bremen. 

 It is quite a modern place, its fine 

 harbour only dating from 1863. 

 This consists of two enormous 

 basins, dry docks, etc., and can 

 accommodate the largest vessels. 

 It is an important fishing port, and 

 among its industries are shipbuild- 

 ing and the making of machin- 

 ery and fishing equipment. Pop. 

 25,060. 



Geffcken, FRIEDRICH HEINRICH 

 (1830-96). German statesman and 

 lawyer. Born at Hamburg, Deo. 9, 

 1830, he studied law at Gottingen 

 and Berlin, and entered the Prus- 



sian diplomatic service in 1854. 

 Serving successively in Paris. Ber- 

 lin, and London, he became a 

 close friend and adviser of Prince 

 Frederick William of Prussia, later 

 the emperor Frederick III. He 

 framed the federal constitution of 

 the German Empire, 1870-71, and 

 became professor of constitutional 

 history at Strasbourg in 1872. 



In 1888 a 

 heated contro- 

 versy arose on 

 his publication 

 of extracts 

 from Prince 

 Frederick Wil- 

 liam's war 

 diary calcu- 

 lated to lessen 



the ascendancy of Bismarck, and 

 Geffcken was indicted for high 

 treason, but acquitted. He died at 

 Munich, May 1, 1896. Among his 

 many writings are State and 

 Church,1875, Eng. trans. 1877, and 

 a volume of essays, Eng. trans, as 

 The British Empire, 1889. 



Gaffrye Museum. London 

 museum of furniture design and 

 craftsmanship. Opened in 1914, it 

 is situated in the Kingsland Road, 

 near Shoreditch Church, and is 

 housed in the old Geffrye, or Iron- 

 mongers' Almshouses, founded by 

 Sir Robert Geffrye, or Geffrey (1613 

 1703), lord mayor of London and 

 master of the Ironmongers' Com- 

 pany, and opened in 1715. The 14 

 almshouses and chapel stand round 

 three sides of a court. The collec- 

 tion, partly permanent, partly on 

 loan, includes specimen rooms of 

 various periods, carved mantel- 

 pieces, doorways, and grates, and 

 much beautiful furniture. It is open 

 free every day, except Monday. 



Gefle. Seaport of Sweden, and 

 capital of the Ian or govt. of Gefle- 

 borg. It stands at the mouth of the 



GEIJER 



river Gefle, 112 m. N.N.W. of Stock- 

 holm. The river here branches into 

 three arms, forming two islands, on 

 which, and on the main shores, the 

 city is built. It is the chief port for 

 the Kopparberg timber and iron 

 district, exporting timber, wood 

 pulp, iron, and joinery. Fishing 

 is extensively engaged in, and 

 there are shipbuilding yards and 

 manufactures of sailcloth, cotton, 

 electrical machinery, leather, and 

 tobacco. It has a 16th century 

 castle, a town hall, library, techni- 

 cal schools, andtheatre. Pop. 31,941. 



Gafleborg OR GAVLEBORG. Mari- 

 time Ian or govt. of Sweden. Bound- 

 ed on the E. by the Gulf of Bothnia, 

 its area is 7,615 sq. m. Its coast- 

 line is much indented by small bays, 

 the chief of which is Gefle Bay, in 

 the S.E., and the shores are fringed 

 with numerous islands, none of 

 any great size. Gefle is the capital 

 and chief seaport, other seaports 

 being Soderhamn and Hudiksvall. 

 There are many lakes, the largest 

 of which is Dellen in the N.E. 

 Rivers are numerous but short, 

 and mostly drain into the Gulf of 

 Bothnia. Pop. 264,323. 



Gagenschein. Counter glow, or 

 faint patch of light seen opposite 

 the sun's place in the sky while the 

 sun is below the horizon. First de- 

 tected by Brorsen about the middle 

 of the 19th century, it has since then 

 been independently discovered by 

 Professor Barnard of the Lick 

 Observatory. It has been vari- 

 ously attributed to reflection of 

 sunlight by the earth's hydrogen 

 and helium gases, far distant from 

 the earth, and to similar reflec- 

 tion by a swarm of meteorites. 

 See Zodiacal Light. 



Gehenna. Name in Biblical and 

 post-Biblical literature of a place of 

 fiery torment. It is derived from 

 Ge-Hinnom, the Valley of Hin- 

 nom, a valley on the W. of Jeru- 

 salem in which the refuse of the 

 city and the bodies of animals 

 and criminals were burned. In 

 Matt, v, 22, x, 28 the word is 

 translated hell. See Hell. 



Geijer, ERIK GUSTAF (1783- 

 1847). Swedish historian and poet. 

 Born at Ransater in Varmland, Jan. 

 12, 1783, he was educated at Up- 

 sala, where he distinguished him- 

 self by his monograph on Sten 

 Sture and his aptitude for historical 

 research. He became a lecturer at 

 Upsala in 1810, and in 1817 pro- 

 fessor there, holding also a position 

 in the Swedish public record office. 

 He died at Stockholm, April 23, 

 1847. Geijer's great work is his His- 

 tory of the Swedish People, 1832- 

 36. He was also a poet, a musician, 

 and at one time an active politi- 

 cian. His collected works ap- 

 peared 1849-56. Pron. Yi-er. 



