GE"RARDMER 



3490 



GERMAN CATHOLICS 



John Gerard, 

 English botanist 



London. On the hill facing the 

 Fleet river he had a wonderful 

 physio garden with over 1,000 

 species of 

 plants, of 

 which he 

 published a 

 list, 1596. He 

 is chiefly fam- 

 ous for his 

 Herball or 

 Generall His- 

 torie of Plants, 

 lf>97, an im- 

 portant bo- 

 tanical work, based on the Pempt- 

 ades of Dodoens, 1583, while the 

 large majority of the woodcuts 

 were derived from the Eicones of 

 Tabernaemontanus, published at 

 Frankfort, 1590. 



Gerardmer OR GEROME. Town 

 of France. In the dept. of Vosges, 

 it is 18 m. S. of St. Die. It stands 

 near the lake of the same name, high 

 among the mountains, and is, on 

 account of the beautiful scenery 

 around it, much visited by tourists. 

 It has some manufactures, and its 

 cheeses are famous. In the market 

 place is an enormous lime tree, 300 

 years old. There are baths and a 

 hydropathic establishment in the 

 town, while tramways lead to 

 various beauty spots in the 

 neighbourhood. Gerard, duke of 

 Alsace in the llth century, is its 

 reputed founder. Pop. 10,000. 



Gterardy, JEAN (b. 1877). Bel- 

 gian violoncellist. Bom at Spa, 

 Dec. 7, 1877, the son of a musician, 

 he studied the 'cello at Verviers. 

 In 1888 he began his public career, 

 touring Europe and America, and 

 establishing himself among the 

 first of living virtuosi. 



Gerasa. Ancient city of Pales- 

 tine, a member of the Decapolis. 

 It is situated among the mountains 

 of Gilead, about 20 m. to the E. of 

 the Jordan, and .is now called 

 Jerash, possessing notable Roman 

 remains of the 2nd and 3rd cen- 

 turies, A.D. It has been identified 

 with Gadara and other places, but 

 the identification is open to doubt. 

 Geraud, ANDRE. French jour- 

 nalist, better known under his 

 pseudonym of Pertinax. His 

 articles during the Great War, 

 published in the Echo de Paris, 

 attracted wide attention by their 

 concise and singularly well-in- 

 formed summaries of the military 

 situation, and during the Peace 

 Conference in 1919 his pen became 

 a considerable power. He was a 

 formidable critic of Wilson and 

 Lloyd George, and during 1920 

 showed marked hostility to the 

 trend of British foreign policy, 

 both in the East ar\d in regard to 

 Germany. He was the French cor- 

 respondent of The Daily Telegraph. 



Gerenuk. East African ante- 

 lope. Reddish fawn in colour, with 

 a wide band of black down the back, 

 it is remarkable for its very long 

 neck which is out of all proportion 

 to its body and gives it almost the 

 appearance of a diminutive giraffe. 

 Its chief food is the leaves and 

 twigs of small trees and bushes. 



Gerhardt, PAUL (c. 1607-76). 

 German hymn -writer. Born in 

 Saxony, and educated at Witten- 

 berg, he became a Lutheran 

 minister at Berlin and elsewhere. 

 He ranks next to Luther among 

 the German hymn writers, many 

 of his hymns having been trans- 

 lated into English, the best-known 

 being, Commit thou all thy griefs. 

 He died at Lubben, June 7, 1676. 

 See Hymn. 



G6ricault, JEAN Louis ANDRE 

 THEODORE (1791-1824). French 

 painter. Born at Rouen, Sept. 26, 

 1791, he stud- 

 ied art under 

 Charles Vernet, 

 and Pi erre 

 Guerin. His 

 careful picture 

 of a mounted 

 chasseur officer 

 at the Salon of 

 1812 was his 

 J. Gericault, first success 



French painter i n his series 

 of military subjects. After fight- 

 ing for the king in the Hundred 

 Days, he visited Rome and Flor- 

 ence. His most notable picture 

 was The Raft of the Medusa, 1819 

 (Louvre), a shipwreck scene of 

 exceptional size (24 ft. by 18 ft.), 

 painted with a fine sense of natural 

 form and dramatic detail, and 

 much admired by the romantic 

 school of painters. It was exhibited 

 with success in London, 1820-22, 

 Gericault then living there. He 

 died in Paris, Jan. 26, 1824. His 

 work marks the breaking away of 

 French pain ting from the classic tra- 

 dition of David and his followers. 



Gerizim. Hill of Samaria. It 

 stands near Shechem or Nablus, 

 and is associated with an adjoining 

 hill, Ebal. The curses and blessings 

 in connexion with the law were 

 pronounced respectively from these 

 two hills, and the Samaritan tem- 

 ple was built on the former. 



Gerlsdorfer OR FRANZ JOSEFS 

 SPITZE. Mountain peak of the 

 Hohen Tatra range in the N.W. 

 Carpathians. It is the highest peak 

 of the range (8,737 ft.). 



Germ (Lat. germen, bud). In 

 embryology, the primitive vital 

 particle from which an organism 

 (animal or plant) develops ; in 

 bacteriology, a bacillus or micro- 

 organism from which a disease 

 originates. The term is also used 

 figuratively for the ultimate be- 



ginning of a thing, e.g. the germ of 

 an idea. See Bacillus ; Bacterio- 

 logy ; Embryology. 



Garm, THE. Magazine founded 

 to further the views of the Pre- 

 Raphaelite Brotherhood in poetry 

 and art, published in 1850. Only 

 four numbers were issued, the 

 title for the last two being changed 

 to Art and Poetry. Edited by 

 William M. Rossetti, in it appeared 

 several poems by Christina and 

 Dante Gabriel Rossetti. 



German. Term used for any- 

 thing belonging to Germany. Be- 

 fore the Great War it was applied 

 as a distinctive mark to certain 

 German colonies, e.g., German 

 East Africa, German South -West 

 Africa, and German New Guinea. 

 As these now belong to other 

 Powers the term German has been 

 dropped in this connexion. See 

 New Guinea ; South-West Africa ; 

 Tanganyika Territory. 



German, EDWARD (b. 1862). 

 British composer. Born at Whit- 

 church, Salop, Feb. 17, 1862, he 

 studied at the 

 Royal Ac a- 

 demy of Music, 

 London. In 

 1888 he became 

 musical direc- 

 tor at The 

 Globe Theatre, 

 and while there 

 produced the 

 incidental 



musc to 



Richard III x***eii 



(1889) which first made his repu- 

 tation, enhanced by his music to 

 Henry VIII, written for The 

 Lyceum in 1892. He completed 

 Sulli van's unfinished opera, The 

 Emerald Isle (1901), and composed 

 Merrie England (1902), A Princess 

 of Kensington (1903), and Tom 

 Jones (1907), as well as orchestral 

 symphonies, suites, and songs. His 

 work is marked by a fluency and 

 melodiousness which made it 

 widely popular. 



German Catholics (German, 

 Deutschkatholiken). Religious sect 

 in Germany. It separated from the 

 Roman Church in 1844, repudiat- 

 ing the papal decrees concerning 

 mixed marriages and celibacy of 

 the clergy. They were led by two 

 ex-priests, named Ronge and 

 Czerski ; and at their first council 

 held at Leipzig, in 1845, adopted a 

 simple confession of faith of a 

 Protestant character. They had 

 at that time about 170 congrega- 

 tions ; but three years later many 

 of these were dissolved through 

 internal dissensions. Many of their 

 adherents returned to the Roman 

 Church ; and in 1859 most of the 

 others joined a rationalistic- sect 

 known as the Free Congregations. 



