GERMANY 



3498 



GERMANY 



GERMANY 



(INDUSTRIAL) 



English Miles 



Germany. Map indicating the industries and natural resources of the republic 



clear that the war must be long- 

 drawn-out. Their inclination to do 

 what they were told, to obey words 

 of command, was illustrated by 

 their mechanical reiteration of lies 

 about Belgian atrocities, and about 

 the poor-quality of the British 

 army ; by their mechanical sing- 

 ing of hymns of hate. When at 

 last they realized how they had 

 been deceived, how their rulers had 

 aroused against themselves almost 

 the entire world, they turned their 

 resentment against them and threw 

 down the structure of trade that 

 had been built up with such hopes 

 of commercial victory. 



To those who knew the German 

 nature it was certain that there 

 would be an explosion as soon as 

 the truth was known to them. It 

 came sooner than even they them- 

 selves expected. A clean sweep was 

 made of monarchy and militarism, 

 and though the conditions of the 

 Peace Treaty, which seemed hard 

 to them after the declarations 

 of President Wilson and Lloyd 

 George, made a good many look 

 forward to a bloody revenge, yet 

 the mass of the German people 

 took their lesson to heart and re- 

 nounced altogether the idea of 

 asserting their importance by force 

 of arms. 



Now they are returning to the 

 path from which they allowed 

 themselves to be seduced, the path 

 of industry and commerce, in which 



they hope to renew the successes 

 of the generation which preceded 

 the war. Freed from the expense 

 of keeping up a vast army and a 

 navy which became every year a 

 greater burden to the taxpayer, 

 they intend, it appears-, to concen- 

 trate all their efforts upon making 

 their recovery astonish the world 

 as much as that of France did 



after 1871. Hamilton Fyfe 



Bibliography. Europe, G. G. 

 Chisholm (vols. i and ii of Stan- 

 ford's Compendium of Geography 

 and Travel), 1899 ; Central Europe, 

 J. Partsh, 1903 ; Germany, H. 

 Compton and J. F. Dickie, 1912; 

 Germany and the Germans, P. 

 Collier, 1913 ; The Recent Develop- 

 ment of German Agriculture, T. H. 

 Middleton, 1916; Modern Germany, 

 J. E. Barker, re-written and en- 

 larged, 1919 ; The Evolution of 

 Modern Germany, W. H. Dawson, 

 1919. 



HISTORY. The kingdom of Ger- 

 many, Deutschland, as the Ger- 

 mans call it, from Avhich the exist- 

 ing republic has developed, dates 

 from the 9th century or there- 

 abouts, the time when the Caro- 

 lingian empire broke in pieces ; 

 but the country, although not then 

 known as Germany, has a history 

 going back a further 3,000 or 4,000 

 years, or perhaps more. 



It is not, however, a history 

 following a single line of develop- 

 ment, for Germany was from the 

 first inhabited by different races, 



and even when a kingdom it was a 

 federation of semi-independent 

 states rather than a centralized 

 monarchy as England and France 

 became. Other points of interest 

 and difficulty are the connexion of 

 Germany with the Holy Roman 

 Empire, the elective character of 

 its kingship, the process that even- 

 tually made Prussia almost sy- 

 nonymous with Germany, and the 

 elimination of Austria from the 

 union of German peoples, finally 

 effected in 1866. 



In the paleolithic period man 

 lived in Germany, where the stone 

 and bone implements that he used 

 have been found. In the neolithic 

 age he was spread over a good deal 

 of the country, this being proved 

 by the discovery of his dwellings, 

 his implements, and his graves in 

 various parts of the land. The 

 bronze age saw a marked increase 

 in the civilizing agencies, and soon 

 the people possessed chariots and 

 other weapons, lived in strongly 

 built houses, and knew something 

 of the arts and refinements of life. 

 To this they were helped by a 

 trade with the Mediterranean 

 regions. Such is the evidence of 

 the soil and the spade ; written 

 evidence begins with the Romans. 



Nearly a century before the 

 opening of the Christian era the 

 Romans invaded Germany. Julius 

 Caesar conquered some of these 

 tribes, and after his day began the 



