GERMERSHE1M 



3508 



GERONA 



has produced, William Leibl 

 (1844-1900), whose joie de peindre 

 recalls the most zealous of the 

 Dutch artists. There are others, 

 more or less unrelated, whose 

 performance has already demon- 

 strated that they are capable of 

 founding a German school not un- 

 worthy of the 20th century. Among 

 such may be named Eduard von 

 Gebhardt (b. 1838), Hans Thoma 

 (b. 1839), Max Liebermann (b. 

 1847), Fritz von Uhde (1848-1911), 

 Max Klinger(b. 1857), and Franz 

 Stuck (b. 1863). How far their 

 mission has been affected by the 

 European war remains a problem 



of the future. James A. Manson 



Germersheim. A town of 

 Bavaria. It stands at the junc- 

 tion of the Queich with the Rhine, 

 9 m. from Spires. Its interest 

 is mainly historical, although 

 until the Great War it was one 

 of Germany's minor fortresses. 

 The chief buildings are churches 

 and a hospital, and there are some 

 small industries. Germersheim 

 was a Roman station, and in the 

 Middle Ages a free city. It was 

 then a fortified town with a citadel. 

 About 1620 it passed into the 

 possession of the house of Haps- 

 burg, but in 1644 it was taken 

 by the French, as it was again in 

 1674. Austria recovered it in 

 1702 ; at the peace of 1814 it be- 

 came part of Bavaria, and later it 

 was fortified anew. Pop. 5,800. 



Germinal. Seventh month in 

 the year as rearranged during the 

 French Revolution. It began on 

 March 21 or 22, and the name 

 means the month of buds. 



Germination (Lat. germinatio, 

 budding). Sprouting of a seed or 

 spore. See Botany ; Cotyledon ; 

 Seed ; Spore. 



Germiston. Town of the Trans- 

 vaal, S. Africa. It is 9 m. by rly. 

 S.E. of Johannesburg, and 36 m. 

 S. of Pretoria. It is an important 

 gold-mining centre and was for- 

 merly known as Elandsfontein 

 Junction. Here is a station of the 

 Victoria Falls and Transvaal Power 

 Co., which supplies power to many 

 of the mines. There are also 

 manufactures of chemicals, agri- 

 cultural implements, and hard- 

 ware. Pop. 62,025, of whom 16,252 

 are Europeans. 



Gernrode. Town of Germany. 

 In the state of Anhalt, it is 13 m. 

 S.S.E. of Halberstadt. Built on the 

 side of the Stubenberg, it possesses 

 a fine 10th century abbey church 

 in the Romanesque style. Pop. 3,300. 



Gerolstein. Town of Germany, 

 in the Rhine province, 43 m. by 

 rly. N. of Treves. One of the most 

 picturesque places in the Volcanic 

 Eifel, it lies at a height of 1 ,200 ft. 

 on a rocky hillside commanded by 



the ruins of a castle built in 1115. 

 The district, with its volcanic 

 formation and fossils, etc., is 

 geologically interesting, and its 

 mineral springs have a wide repu- 

 tation. Pop. 1 ; 350. 



Gerome, JEAN LEON (1824- 

 1904). French painter. Born at 

 Vesoul, May 11, 1824, he studied 

 , under Paul 

 d^l 1 **^ Delaroche, 



d^H ^SSfe making a 



successful 

 . debut at the 

 ' Salon in 1847 

 with The Cock 

 j Fight. Many 

 j of his subjects 

 were classical, 

 with a touch 

 of modernity 



Jean Leon Gerome, 

 French painter 



in the treatment, 

 and he had a com- 

 petent technique. 

 Awarded the 

 Legion of Honour 

 in 1855, he became 

 commander in 

 1878. 



In' 1863 he be- 

 came professor of 

 painting at the 

 Ecole des Beaux 

 Arts and in 1865 

 was elected a mem- 

 ber of the Institute. 

 His best known 

 works include Thf 

 Age of Augustus 

 and The Birth of 

 Christ (bought by 

 the State), The 

 Duel of Pierrot, 

 Phryne Before the Areopagus, and 

 The Death of Caesar. Latterly 

 Gerome turned to sculpture, achiev- 

 ing success with figures of Bellona, 

 Napoleon.The Gladiator, and Tana- 

 r-a. He died in Paris, Jan. 12,1904. 

 See Cleopatra ; Gladiator. 



Gerona. Maritime prov. of N.E. 

 Spain, in Catalonia. It slopes from 

 the Pvrenees to the Mediterranean. 



Area, 2,264 sq. m. Traversed by 

 the Barcelona-Perpignan Rly., it is 

 bounded on the N. by France, on 

 the S. and E. by the Mediterranean, 

 and on the W. by Barcelona. One of 

 the richest provs. of Spain, it carries 

 on a large trade, and produces 

 minerals, fruit, fish, timber, cork, 

 copper, lead, iron, ochre, and wine. 

 Cape Creus is the easternmost point 

 on the peninsula. The coast-line is 

 indented by one large bay, the Gulf 

 of Rosas. The chief port isPortbou. 

 Pop. 326,928. 



Gerona (anc. Gerunda). City 

 of Spain, capital of the prov. of 

 Gerona. It stands at the con- 

 fluence of the rivers Ter and Onar, 

 52 m. N.E. of Barcelona, on the 

 main line from Barcelona to Per- 

 pignan. It is connected with its 



Geiona. Old bouses seen from the bridge over the 



Ouar. On the extreme left is the unfinished spire 01 



the church of S. Felix 



suburb El Mercadel beyond the 

 Ofiar by a bridge. Its cathedral, 

 begun early in the 14th century, 

 stands on the site of an earlier 

 edifice, and is a unique specimen 

 of Gothic architecture. The manu- 

 factures include paper and textiles ; 

 coal, copper, etc., are mined. Pop. 

 16,000. There is also a town of this 

 name in the Philippine Islands. 



Gerome. The Death of Caesar, painted in 1867, an example of the artist's 

 treatment of classic subjects 



Goupil 



